ston

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ston"

Middle English

Alternative forms

• stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone

Etymology

Inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stɔ̝ːn/
  • Rhymes: -ɔːn
• IPA^(key): /stɑːn/ (Early Middle English)
• IPA^(key): /staːn/ (Northern)

Noun

ston (plural stones or ston or (early, rare) stonen)

1. A stone, boulder, or pebble:
   • c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 15-16; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:

     Iudaſ go þou on þe roc heie upon the ſton / lei þin heued i my barm, ſlep þou þe anon

     "Judas, get up on the rock, high on the stone, / rest your head on my lap and fall asleep right away!"

   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Apocalips 6:16, folio 119, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     .· ⁊ þei ſeien to hillis and to ſtoonys falle ȝe on us ⁊ hide ȝe vs fro þe face of hi[m] þat ſittiþ on the troone.· ⁊ fro þe wraþþe of þe lomb ·

     And they said to hills and rocks: "Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one that sits on the throne and from the wrath of the lamb […] "

   1. A millstone or whetstone.
   2. A pebble used in a slingshot.
2. A solid mass resembling a stone, particularly:
   1. A piece of hail, a hailstone.
   2. A kidney stone or gallstone.
   3. A pit; the hard seed of a fruit.
   4. A jewel; a gemstone.
   5. (colloquial) A testicle.
3. Stone as a material (especially in construction)
4. A stone structure or monument, especially a tomb or tombstone.
5. A stone (unit of mass)

Related terms

• brymston
• capston
• corner ston
• flynt ston
• graveston
• gunneston
• mylneston
• pibleston
• slykeston
• stenen
• stonen
• Stonhenge
• stony
• wheston

Descendants

• English: stone (see there for further descendants)
• English: (West Yorkshire) stoan
• English: (Ottawa-Valley) staun
• Geordie: styen
• Scots: stane
• Yola: sthoan
• → Anglo-Norman: ston

References

• “stōn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 April 2018.

Polish

Pronunciation

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈstɔn/

Noun

ston m animacy unattested

1. Middle Polish form of stan (“one of the social layers into which society was divided in European countries from the 13th to the 18th centuries; belonging to such a class determined by origin or profession”)

Declension

Attested forms of *ston

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	stonu	—
dative	—	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	—	—
locative	—	—
vocative	—	—

References

• “STAN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 17 February 2009

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English stone.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stoŋ/, /ston/, [stʊ̞̃ŋ], [stɔ̝ŋ]

Noun

ston

1. stone

Derived terms

• fayaston
• kubiston
• stonbangi
• stonbanti
• stonfutu
• Stonoso
• stonpopki
• stonskotu

Swedish

Noun

ston

1. indefinite plural of sto

Anagrams

• nots, tons

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English stone.

Noun

ston

1. stone
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:12:

     Long kantri Havila i gat gutpela gol, na i gat wanpela kain diwai, blut bilong en i gat gutpela smel. Na i gat wanpela kain ston i dai tumas, em ol i save kolim kanilian.

     →New International Version translation

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ston/

Noun

ston (nominative plural stons)

1. stone

Declension

Declension of ston

	singular	plural
nominative	ston	stons
genitive	stona	stonas
dative	stone	stones
accusative	stoni	stonis
vocative 1	o ston!	o stons!
predicative 2	stonu	stonus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only