сум

See also: сүм, сӯм, сўм, and Appendix:Variations of "sum"

Belarusian

Etymology 1

Ukrainian сум (sum, literally “sadness”). сума, сумно (sadly), Russian сумно (sumno, literally “doubtful”), Polish sum,sumny < East Slavic, compare Slovene sȗm, sȗmnja (suspicion), Serbo-Croatian сумња (literally “doubt”)

Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)

1. boredom, sadness, sorrow
   • 1924, Вячаслаў Вячаслававіч Адамовіч, Магіла Касінскага, часопіс «Грамадзкі голас».

     Сум не́йкі апанава́ў мяне́ і сьлёзы са́мі сабо́й каціліся з маіх вачэ́́й.

     Sum njéjki apanaváw mjanjé i sʹljózy sámi sabój kacilisja z maix vačé́j.

     Some kind of sadness filled me and tears rolled out of my eyes by themselves.

Declension

Declension of сум (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	сум sum
genitive	су́му súmu
dative	су́му súmu
accusative	сум sum
instrumental	су́мам súmam
locative	су́ме súmje

Synonyms

• туга

Etymology 2

Noun

сум • (sum)

1. genitive plural of сума (suma)

References

• “сум” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сум”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 38

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sum]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Verb

сум • (sum) third-singular present, impf or pf

1. (intransitive) to be
2. (intransitive) to be wrong with

Usage notes

• The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.

Conjugation

Conjugation of сум (imperfective, perfective)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	бидел	бил	adjectival partc.	—
feminine	бидела	била	adverbial partc.	бидејќи
neuter	бидело	било	verbal noun	—
plural	биделе	биле
	present	imperfect	dependent	imperative
1st singular	сум	бев	бидам	—
2nd singular	си	беше	бидеш	биди
3rd singular	е	беше	биде	—
1st plural	сме	бевме	бидеме	—
2nd plural	сте	бевте	бидете	бидете
3rd plural	се	беа	бидат	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум бил		present of сум + imperfect l-participle
pluperfect	—		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
future	ќе бидам		ќе + dependent
future in the past	ќе бев		ќе + imperfect
future reported	ќе сум бидел		ќе + imperfect l-participle
conditional	би бил		би + imperfect l-participle