ISO 3166-1 alfa-2

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ISO 3166-1 alfa-2
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ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotur eru landakotur við tveimum bókstavum, ið eru umrøddar í ISO 3166-1, ið er partur av standardinum ISO 3166 frá International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Koturnar umboða lond, sjálvstýrandi øki og serstøk øki av landafrøðiligum áhuga. Tær eru tær mest nýttu av landakotunum frá ISO (hinar eru alpha-3 og numeric), og verða tær m.a. nýttar til internetdomeni hjá londum og økjum við fáum undantøkum.[1] Koturnar vórðu á fyrsta sinni innførdar sum partur av standardinum ISO 3166 í fyrstu útgávuni í 1974.

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Eitt kort yvir Evropa við ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotum staðsett á lond og onnur øki, ið koturnar hoyra til.
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Nýtsla og applikatiónir

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 koturnar eru nýttar ymiskum umhvørvum og eru eisini partur av øðrum standardum.

Perfektar implementatiónir

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotur eru nýttar í hesum standardum:

Meira kunning Stutt navn, Langt navn ...

Ófullfíggjaðar implementatiónir

Síðan 1985 hava ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 koturnar verið nýttar í Domain Name System sum høvuðsdomeni hjá londum (ccTLDs).

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Núverandi kotur

Kotutýðingartalva

Talvan niðanfyri er ein lit-kotu týðingar talva við øllum ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotunum.[9]

Tú kanst klikkja á selluna fyri at síggja definitiónina fyri hvørja kotu.

Meira kunning Talva við týðing av ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotum, Colour legend ...

Alment ásett kotuelement

Yvirlitið niðanfyri er ein fullkomin listi yvir tær 249 í løtuni alment ásettu ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotunum, við hesum teigum:

  • Kota ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kota
  • Landanavn English short country name officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA)[10]
  • Ár Year when alpha-2 code was first officially assigned (1974, first edition of ISO 3166)
  • ccTLD Corresponding country code top-level domain (note that some are inactive); exceptions where another ccTLD is assigned for the country are shown in parentheses
  • ISO 3166-2 Corresponding ISO 3166-2 codes
  • Viðmerkingar Any unofficial notes
Meira kunning Kota, Landanavn ...

User-assigned code elements

User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ. For example:

  • UN/LOCODE assigns XZ to represent installations in international waters.[8]
  • The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository assigns QO to represent Outlying Oceania (a multi-territory region containing Antarctica, Bouvet Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Territories, and the United States Minor Outlying Islands), QU to represent the European Union, and ZZ to represent "Unknown or Invalid Territory".[13]
  • The code XK is being used by the European Commission,[14] Switzerland,[15] the Deutsche Bundesbank,[16] SWIFT,[17] and other organizations as a temporary country code for Kosovo.[18]
  • The code XN is being used by the World Intellectual Property Organization as an indicator for the Nordic Patent Institute, an international organization common to Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.[19]

Reserved code elements

Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. The reserved alpha-2 codes can be divided into the following four categories: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use.

Exceptional reservations

Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:

Meira kunning Code, Area name or country name ...

The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:

Meira kunning Code, Area name or country name ...

Transitional reservations

Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:

Meira kunning Code, Formerly used country name ...

The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:

Meira kunning Code, Formerly used country name ...

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

Indeterminate reservations

Indeterminately reserved code elements are codes used to designate road vehicles under the 1949 and 1968 United Nations Conventions on Road Traffic but differing from those contained in ISO 3166-1. These code elements are expected eventually to be either eliminated or replaced by code elements within ISO 3166-1. In the meantime, the ISO 3166/MA has reserved such code elements for an indeterminate period. Any use beyond the application of the two Conventions is discouraged and will not be approved by the ISO 3166/MA. Moreover, these codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA at any time. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:

Meira kunning Code, Area name or country name ...

The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:

Meira kunning Code, Area name or country name ...
Notes
  1. Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 and/or 1968 Road Traffic Conventions
  2. Code in use for road transport purposes, but not notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
  3. Code under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
  4. Code under 1968 Road Traffic Convention

Codes currently agreed not to use

In addition, the ISO 3166/MA will not use the following alpha-2 codes at the present stage, as they are used for international intellectual property organizations in WIPO Standard ST.3:

Meira kunning Code, Organization name ...

WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses EA, instead of EV, to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization. However, EA was already exceptionally reserved by the ISO 3166/MA to represent Ceuta and Melilla for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that EV be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.

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Strikaðar kotur

Hear kotur eru strikaðar úr ISO 3166-1:[20]

Meira kunning Kota, Fyrrverandi nýtt landaland ...

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

Sí eisini

  • Listi yvir FIPS landakotur í FIPS 10-4, partur av Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)
  • Regional Indicator Symbol í Unicode
  • CSV Eksportur av ISO 3166-1 alpha2 frá datahub.io

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