Balaga
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Balaga shine tsarin canje-canje na jiki ta hanyar da jikin yaro ya balaga zuwa babban jikin da zai iya haifuwa ta jima'i. An fara shi ta hanyar siginar hormonal daga kwakwalwa zuwa gonads: ovaries a cikin yarinya, gwaje-gwaje a cikin yaro. Dangane da sigina, gonads suna samar da hormones wadanda ke motsa libido da hadaka, aiki, da canzawar kwakwalwa, kasusuwa, tsoka, jini, fata, gashi, nono, da gabobin jima'i. Girman jiki—tsawo da nauyi—yana hadakawa a farkon rabin lokacin balaga kuma yana karewa lokacin da aka hadaka jikin manya. Kafin balaga, gabobin jima'i na waje, wanda aka sani da halayen jima'i na farko, sune halayen jima'i wadanda ke bambanta yara maza da mata. Balaga yana haifar da dimorphism na jima'i ta hanyar hadaka halayen jima'i na biyu, wanda ya kara bambanta jinsin.
Balaga | |
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phase of human life (en) da physiological condition (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | development of the human body (en) |
Facet of (en) | pubescent (en) |
Has characteristic (en) | secondary sex characteristic (en) |
A matsakaici, 'yan mata suna fara balaga a shekaru 10-11 kuma suna cika balaga a shekaru 15-17; yara maza gabaɗaya suna fara balaga a shekaru 11-12 kuma suna cika balaga a shekaru 16-17. Babban alamar balaga ga mata shine haila, farkon haila, wanda ke faruwa a matsakaici tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 13. [1] A matsakaici, 'yan mata suna fara balaga a shekaru 10-11 kuma suna cika balaga a shekaru 15-17; yara maza gabaɗaya suna fara balaga a shekaru 11-12 kuma suna cika balaga a shekaru 16-17. Babban alamar balaga ga mata shine haila, farkon haila, wanda ke faruwa a matsakaici tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 13. Ga maza, maniyyi na farko, maniyyi, yana faruwa ne a matsakaita a shekaru 13. A cikin karni na 21, matsakaicin shekarun da yara, musamman 'yan mata, suka kai takamaiman alamomi na balaga ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da karni na 19, lokacin yana 15. ga 'yan mata da 17 ga yara maza (da shekaru a farkon haila ga 'yan mata da kuma karar sautin muryoyin su ga samari amfani a matsayin misali). Wannan na iya zama saboda kowane adadin dalilai, ciki har da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke haifar da saurin girma na jiki, haɓakar nauyi da ƙima, [2] ko fallasa ga masu endocrine disruptors kamar xenoestrogens, wanda a wasu lokuta na iya zama saboda cin abinci ko wasu abubuwan muhalli. [3] Koyaya, ƙarin binciken kayan tarihi na zamani ya nuna cewa adadin balaga kamar yadda yake faruwa a yanzu shine hanyar da aka yi niyya. Ci gaban girma ya fara ne a kusan 10-12, amma alamomin matakan balaga na baya kamar al'ada suna da jinkirin da ke da alaƙa da mummunan yanayin muhalli kamar talauci, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, iska da gurɓatawa. [4] Balaga da ke farawa tun da wuri fiye da yadda aka saba ana saninsa da balaga, kuma balaga da ke farawa daga baya fiye da yadda aka saba ana kiransa da jinkirta balaga.
Sanannen daga cikin sauye-sauyen yanayin girma, siffar, abun da ke ciki, da kuma aiki na jiki na balaga, shine haɓaka halayen jima'i na biyu, "cika" na jikin yaro; daga yarinya zuwa mace, daga namiji zuwa namiji. An samo shi daga Latin puberatum (shekarun balaga), kalmar balaga ta kwatanta canje-canje na jiki zuwa jima'i balagaggu, ba ilimin halin mutum da al'adu balagagge da aka nuna ta kalmar ci gaban samari a cikin al'adun Yamma, inda lokacin samartaka shine lokacin canjin tunani daga yara zuwa girma, wanda ya mamaye da yawa. lokacin balaga na jiki. [5]