Fedor Dostoevsky
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Fyodor Mikhailovich [lower-alpha 1] UK ƙananan-alpha 1 ] ( Birtaniya : / ˌdɒ s US ˈɛfsk i, [1] US: / ˌdɒstə ˈjɛfsk , ˌd ʌ s -/ ; [1] Russian Fyódor Mikháylovich Dostoyévskiy , IPA: [ˈfʲɵdər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ dəstɐˈjefskʲɪj] ( saurare); 11 ga Nuwamba, 1821 – 9 Fabrairu 1881 [lower-alpha 2] ), wani lokacin ana fassara shi azaman Dostoyevsky, marubuci ne na Rasha, marubucin gajerun labarai, kuma ɗan jarida. Ayyukan adabi na Dostoevsky sun bincika yanayin ɗan adam a cikin rikice-rikice na siyasa, zamantakewa, da ruhi na Rasha na ƙarni na 19, kuma suna aiki tare da jigogi iri-iri na falsafa da na addini. Littattafansa da ya fi yabo sun haɗa da Laifuka da Hukunci (1866), The Idiot (1869), <i id="mwKg">Demons</i> (1872), da Brothers Karamazov (1880). Littafin littafinsa na 1864, Bayanan kula daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na wallafe-wallafen wanzuwa.[2] Masu sukar adabi da yawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan marubuta a duk adabin duniya, saboda yawancin ayyukansa ana ɗaukarsa ƙwararru masu tasiri sosai.[3]
Fedor Dostoevsky | |
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Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Moscow, 30 Oktoba 1821 (Julian) |
ƙasa |
Russian Empire (en) Rasha |
Harshen uwa | Rashanci |
Mutuwa | Saint-Petersburg, 28 ga Janairu, 1881 (Julian) |
Makwanci | Tikhvin Cemetery (en) |
Yanayin mutuwa |
(Farfaɗiya pulmonary emphysema (en) ) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Mikhail Andreyevich Dostoevsky |
Mahaifiya | Maria Fiodorovna Dostoïevskaïa |
Abokiyar zama |
Maria Dostoevskaya (en) (1857 - unknown value) Anna Dostoyevskaya (en) (1867 - unknown value) |
Yara | |
Ahali | Mikhail Dostoyevsky (en) , Andrey Dostoyevsky (en) da Nikolaj Michajlovič Dostoevskij (en) |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
Military Engineering-Technical University (en) Nikolay engineering school (en) |
Harsuna | Rashanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | mai aikin fassara, Marubuci, essayist (en) , short story writer (en) , ɗan jarida, mai falsafa, biographer (en) , marubuci, dan jarida mai ra'ayin kansa da prose writer (en) |
Employers | Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (en) |
Muhimman ayyuka |
Notes from Underground (en) Crime and Punishment (en) The Idiot (en) Demons (en) The Brothers Karamazov (en) The House of the Dead (en) The Gambler (en) Poor Folk (en) The Double (en) |
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Alexander Pushkin (en) , Mikhail Lermontov (en) , Nikolai Gogol (en) , Vladimir Solovyov (en) , Vissarion Belinsky (en) , Alexander Ivanovich Herzen (en) , Adam Mickiewicz (en) , Immanuel Kant, William Shakespeare, Honoré de Balzac (en) , Miguel de Cervantes, Charles Dickens (en) , Victor Hugo (en) , George Sand (en) , Friedrich Schiller (en) , E. T. A. Hoffmann (en) , Edgar Allan Poe, Christ (en) da Nikolay Karamzin (en) |
Mamba | Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (en) |
Fafutuka | literary realism (en) |
Sunan mahaifi | Д., Друг Кузьмы Пруткова, Зубоскал, —ий, М., Летописец, М-ий, Н. Н., Пружинин, Зубоскалов, Ред., Ф. Д. da N.N. |
Imani | |
Addini | Russian Orthodox Church (en) |
IMDb | nm0234502 |
fedordostoevsky.ru | |
An haife shi a Moscow a 1821, Dostoevsky an gabatar da shi ga wallafe-wallafe tun yana ƙarami ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, kuma ta hanyar littattafai daga marubutan Rasha da na waje. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a 1837 lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, kuma a lokaci guda, ya bar makaranta don shiga Cibiyar Injiniya ta Nikolayev . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya kuma ya ɗan more rayuwa mai daɗi, yana fassara littattafai don samun ƙarin kuɗi. A tsakiyar 1840s ya rubuta littafinsa na farko, Poor Folk, wanda ya ba shi damar shiga da'irar adabin Saint Petersburg. Duk da haka, an kama shi a cikin 1849 don kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen, Petrashevsky Circle, wanda ya tattauna littattafan da aka haramta wa Tsarist Rasha . An yanke wa Dostoevsky hukuncin kisa amma an sassauta hukuncin a karshe . Ya yi shekaru huɗu a sansanin fursuna na Siberiya, sannan ya yi aikin soja na dole na shekara shida a gudun hijira. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Dostoevsky ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, bugawa da kuma gyara wasu mujallu na kansa kuma daga baya A Writer's Diary, tarin rubuce-rubucensa. Ya fara yawo a yammacin Turai kuma ya haɓaka jarabar caca, wanda ya haifar da wahalar kuɗi. Na ɗan lokaci, ya kasance yana roƙon kuɗi, amma a ƙarshe ya zama ɗaya daga cikin marubutan Rasha da aka fi karantawa kuma ana ɗaukansu sosai. Aikin Dostoevsky ya ƙunshi litattafai goma sha uku, litattafai uku, gajerun labarai goma sha bakwai, da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. An karanta rubuce-rubucensa a ko'ina a ciki da bayan ƙasarsa ta Rasha kuma sun yi tasiri daidai da adadi mai yawa na marubuta daga baya ciki har da Rashawa irin su Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn da Anton Chekhov, masana falsafa Friedrich Nietzsche da Jean-Paul Sartre, da bayyanar Existentialism da Freudianism. An fassara littattafansa zuwa fiye da harsuna 170, kuma sun zama abin ƙarfafawa ga fina-finai da yawa.