Gurbacewar Robobi
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Gurbacewar Ledoji shine tarin abubuwa na filastik da ɓarɓashi (misali kwalabe na filastik, jakunkuna da microbeads ) a cikin muhallin duniya wanda ke cutar da mutane, namun daji da wuraren zama.[1][2] Filastik da ke aiki azaman gurɓataccen abu ana rarraba su ta hanyar girma zuwa tarkace micro-, meso-, ko macro. Filastik ba su da tsada kuma masu ɗorewa suna sa su dace sosai don amfani daban-daban; Sakamakon haka masana'antun sun zaɓi yin amfani da filastik akan sauran kayan.[3] Duk da haka, tsarin sinadarai na yawancin robobi yana sa su jure wa yawancin matakai na lalacewa kuma a sakamakon haka suna jinkirin raguwa. Tare, waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu suna ba da damar manyan ɗimbin robobi su shiga cikin muhalli a matsayin sharar da ba a sarrafa ba kuma don ta dawwama a cikin yanayin.[4]
Gurbacewar Robobi | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Gurɓacewa |
Has contributing factor (en) | plastic waste (en) |
Gurɓacewar filastik na iya addabar ƙasa, magudanar ruwa da kuma tekuna.[5] An ƙiyasta cewa tan miliyan 1.1 zuwa 8.8 na sharar robobi na shiga cikin teku daga al'ummomin da ke gabar teku a kowace shekara.[6] An kiyasta cewa akwai tarin tarkacen ruwan robobi na tan miliyan 86 a cikin tekun duniya ya zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2013, tare da hasashen cewa kashi 1.4% na robobin da ake samarwa a duniya daga 1950 zuwa 2013 sun shiga cikin tekun kuma sun taru a can. [7] Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa nan da shekara ta 2050 za a iya samun robobi fiye da kifin da ke cikin teku da nauyi. Za a iya cutar da halittu masu rai, musamman dabbobin ruwa, ko dai ta hanyar injuna kamar cuku-cuwa a cikin abubuwan robobi, matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da sharar robobi, ko kuma ta hanyar fallasa sinadarai a cikin robobi waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga ilimin halittarsu . Lalacewar sharar filastik na iya shafar mutane kai tsaye ta hanyar amfani da su kai tsaye (watau a cikin ruwan famfo), cinyewa kai tsaye (ta hanyar cin dabbobi), da kuma rushewar hanyoyin hormonal daban-daban.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, ana samar da tan miliyan 368 na Robobi a kowacce shekara, kashi 51% a Asiya, ƙasar Sin itace a gaba wajen samarwa Daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa 2018, anyi ƙiyasta cewa an samar da tan biliyan 6.3 na Robobi a fadin duniya. Inda aka ƙiyasta cewa ƙashi 9% ne kaɗai ake sake sabunta yayin da kashi 12% kuma yake yashe a bila. Wannan adadi na yasassun Robobi yana lalata muhalli yana kawo matsaloli.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, yawan robobin da aka samar a duniya ya zarce ƙimar halittun dabbobin ƙasa da na ruwa a haɗe. Canje-canje a cikin watan Mayu na 2019 ga Yarjejeniyar Basel ta tsara fitarwa / shigo da sharar robobi, wanda aka yi niyya don hana jigilar datti daga ƙasashe masu tasowa zuwa ƙasashe masu tasowa . Kusan duk ƙasashe sun shiga wannan yarjejeniya. [8] [9] [10] [11] A ranar 2 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2022 a Nairobi, kasashe 175 sun yi alkawarin samar da wata yarjejeniya ta doka nan da ƙarshen shekarar 2024 da nufin kawo ƙarshen gurɓatar filastik.[12][13]
Adadin sharar filastik da aka samar ya karu yayin COVID-19 saboda ƙaruwar buƙatun kayan kariya da kayan marufi. Yawan robobi ya ƙare a cikin teku, musamman filastik daga sharar magani da abin rufe fuska.[14] Rahotannin labarai da yawa suna nuni ga masana'antar filastik da ke ƙoƙarin yin amfani da abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya da sha'awar abin rufe fuska da marufi don haɓaka samar da robobin amfani guda ɗaya.[15][16][17][18]