Kwamfuta injiniyarin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Injiniyarin ( CoE ko CpE ) reshen injiniya ne wanda ya haɗu da fannoni da yawa na kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyan lantarki da ake buƙata don hada kayan kwamfuta da software .
Computer engineering | |
---|---|
technical sciences (en) , specialty (en) , academic major (en) da academic discipline (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | engineering (en) |
Bangare na | computer science (en) da electrical engineering (en) |
Gudanarwan | computer engineer (en) |
Injiniyoyin kwamputa galibin su suna da horo a kan aikin injiniyancin lantarki (ko injiniyan lantarki ), ƙira-iren software, da haɗakar kayan aikin kwamfuta maimakon kawai injiniyan software ko injiniyan lantarki.
Computer injiniyoyi suna da hannu a cikin dayawan hardware da software tare da sarrafa kwamfuta. Daga cikin zane na mutum microcontroller, microprocessor, sirri kwamfutar, da kuma [[supercomputer]]s.
Wannan fanni na aikin injiniya ba wai kawai yana mai da hankali bane a kan yadda tsarin kwamfutocin da kansu zasu rinka har ma da yadda suke haɗuwa cikin hoto mafi girma.
Injiniyancin kwamfuta sun hada da rubuta [[software]] da kuma [[firmware]] don saka [[microcontroller]], da zayyana VLSI kwakwalwan kwamfuta, da zayyana analog na'urori masu auna sigina, da zayyana gauraye siginar allon kayan wutan, kuma zayyana tsarukan .
Injiniyoyin kwomfuta suma sun dace da binciken fasahar mutum-mutumi, wanda ya dogara da yin amfani da tsarin dijital don sarrafawa da kuma lura da tsarin lantarki kamar injina, sadarwa, da na'urori masu auna sigina .
A yawancin cibiyoyin babbar ilmi, ana ba wa ɗaliban injiniyan kwamfuta damar zaɓar fannoni na zurfafa karatu da ƙaraminsu da babba saboda samun cikakken ilimin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙira da aikace-aikacen kwamfutoci ya wuce girman digiri na farko . Sauran cibiyoyi na iya buƙatar ɗalibai injiniyoyi da su kammala shekara ɗaya ko biyu na babban injiniya kafin ayyana injiniyan kwamfuta a matsayin babban abin da suka fi mayar da hankali.
Injiniyancin komputa ya fara ne a 1939 lokacin da John Vincent Atanasoff da Clifford Berry suka fara haɓaka komputa na farko na lantarki a duniya ta hanyar ilimin lissafi, lissafi, da injiniyan lantarki . John Vincent Atanasoff ya taɓa zama malamin lissafi da lissafi na Jami'ar Jihar Iowa da Clifford Berry tsohon ɗan digiri ne a ƙarƙashin injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar lissafi. Tare, sun kirkiri kwamfutar Atanasoff-Berry, wanda aka fi sani da ABC wanda ya ɗauki shekaru 5 ya kammala. Yayin da aka rusa asalin ABC kuma aka jefar dashi a cikin shekarun 1940 aka sanya haraji ga marigayi masu kirkirar, an sake yin kwatankwacin ABC a 1997 inda ya dauki kungiyar masu bincike da injiniyoyi shekaru hudu da $ 350,000 suka gina.
Kwamfutar mutum ta zamani ta fito a cikin shekara 1970s, bayan nasarori da yawa a cikin fasahar semiconductor. Wadannan sun hada da na farko aiki transistor da William Shockley, John Bardeen da Walter Brattain a Bell Labs a 1947, da silicon surface passivation aiwatar (via thermal hadawan abu da iskar shaka ) da Mohammed Atalla a Bell Labs a shekarar 1957, wanda aka hada shi da Robert Noyce a kamfanin Fairchild Semiconductor a shekarar 1959, transistor mai tasirin karfe-oxide-semiconductor (MOSFET, ko MOS transistor) na Mohamed Atalla da Dawon Kahng a Bell Labs a 1959, da microprocessor guda ( Intel 4004 ) na Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, Masatoshi Shima da Stanley Mazor a Intel a 1971.