Cuba
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Cuba ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Amurka inda ake kira da karibiyan. Babban birnin ta itace Havana.
Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.
Dzielnica Vedado w Hawanie, Cuba
Cuba Travel
Vinales, Cuba
Street in Santiago, Cuba
El Malecón, La Habana
Cocin a Columbus Cemetary - Necropolis Colon - a La Habana, Cuba.
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Asalin sunanta
Masana tarihi sun yi imanin sunan Cuba ya fito ne daga harshen Taíno; duk da haka, “ainihin abin da aka samo shi [ba a san shi] ba”[1]]. Ba a fayyace ainihin ma'anar sunan ba, amma ana iya fassara shi ko dai a matsayin 'inda ƙasa mai albarka take da yawa' (cubao),[2] ko 'babban wuri' (coabana).
Tarihi
Manyan labarai: Tarihin Cuba da Timeline na tarihin Cuban Zamanin Pre-Columbia 'Yan Adam sun fara zama a Cuba kusan shekaru 6,000 da suka gabata, sun samo asali ne daga ƙaura daga Arewacin Amurka ta Kudu ko Amurka ta Tsakiya.[3]Shigowar mutane zuwa Cuba yana da alaƙa da bacewar tsibiran dabbobin na asali, musamman ma daɗaɗɗen ramuka.[4] Kakannin mutanen Taíno masu yaren Arawakan sun isa yankin Caribbean a wata ƙaura ta dabam daga Kudancin Amirka kimanin shekaru 1,700 da suka wuce. Ba kamar mazaunan Cuba na baya ba, Taíno ta samar da tukwane da yawa kuma sun tsunduma cikin aikin noma sosai.[5]Bayanan farko na mutanen Taíno a Cuba sun kasance a karni na 9 AD.[6]Zuriyar mutanen farko na Cuba sun ci gaba da kasancewa a yammacin tsibirin har zuwa tuntuɓar Columbian, inda aka rubuta su a matsayin mutanen Guanahatabey, waɗanda suka yi rayuwar mafarauci.[7] [8]
Mulkin Sipaniya da Mulki (1492-1898)
Manyan labarai: Gwamnar Cuba da Kyaftin Janar na Cuba Bayan ya fara sauka a tsibirin da ake kira Guanahani a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1492, [9]Christopher Columbus ya sauka a Cuba a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1492, kuma ya sauka a gabar tekun arewa maso gabas a ranar 28 ga Oktoba.[10] Columbus ya yi ikirarin tsibirin don sabuwar Masarautar Spain[11] kuma ya sanya mata suna Isla Juana ("Tsibirin John") bayan John, Yariman Asturia.[12] [13]. [14]
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, wanda ya ci Cuba A cikin 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ya kafa ƙauyen Spain na farko a Baracoa. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu ƙauyuka suka biyo baya, ciki har da San Cristobal de la Habana, wanda aka kafa a 1514 (kudancin tekun tsibirin) sannan a cikin 1519 (wuri na yanzu), wanda daga baya ya zama babban birni (1607). An tilasta wa 'yan asalin Taíno yin aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin encomienda, [15] wanda ya yi kama da tsarin feudal a Turai na da.[16] A cikin karni guda, 'yan asalin ƙasar sun fuskanci yawan mace-mace saboda dalilai da yawa, musamman cututtukan Eurasian, waɗanda ba su da juriya na dabi'a (kariya), wanda ya tsananta da mummunan yanayi na mulkin mallaka na danniya.[17] A cikin 1529, barkewar cutar kyanda ta kashe kashi biyu bisa uku na waɗancan ƴan ƙasar da suka tsira daga cutar sankara a baya.[18] [19]
A ranar 18 ga Mayu 1539, mai nasara Hernando de Soto ya tashi daga Havana tare da wasu mabiya 600 zuwa wani balaguron balaguro ta kudu maso gabashin Amurka, don neman zinari, taska, shahara da ƙarfi.[20]A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1548, an nada Gonzalo Perez de Angulo gwamnan Cuba. Ya isa birnin Santiago na kasar Kuba a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1549, kuma nan take ya ayyana 'yancin duk 'yan asalin kasar[21] Ya zama gwamna na dindindin na Cuba na farko da ya zauna a Havana a maimakon Santiago, kuma ya gina cocin farko na Havana da aka yi da katako[22]c]
Taswirar Kuba, c. 1680
A shekara ta 1570, yawancin mazaunan Kuba sun ƙunshi cakuda al'adun Mutanen Espanya, Afirka, da Taino.[23] Cuba ta ci gaba sannu a hankali kuma, ba kamar tsibiran shuka na Caribbean ba, suna da noma iri-iri. Mafi mahimmanci, mulkin mallaka ya bunƙasa a matsayin al'ummar birni wanda da farko ke goyon bayan daular mulkin mallaka na Spain. A tsakiyar karni na 18, akwai bayi 50,000 a tsibirin. Alkaluma sun nuna cewa a tsakanin shekarun 1790 zuwa 1820 an shigo da 'yan Afirka kimanin 325,000 zuwa Cuba a matsayin bayi, wanda ya ninka adadin da aka samu a tsakanin shekarun 1760 zuwa 1790.[24]
A cikin 1812, Tawayen Bawan Aponte ya faru, amma daga ƙarshe aka danne shi.[25]Yawan jama'ar Cuba a 1817 ya kai 630,980 (wanda 291,021 fari ne, 115,691 mutane ne masu 'yanci masu launi (gauraye-kabilanci), da kuma bayi 224,268 bakake[26] Yawan jama'a a 1841 ya kasance 1,007,624 wanda 425,521 daga cikin bayi baƙar fata ne 418,291 farare ne.[27]
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