Makkah

Makkah, ^[1] Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, ^[2] babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci^[3]. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.^[4] Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji^[5]. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.^[6]

Makkah
مكة المكرمة (ar)
Inkiya	أم القرى
Wuri
21°25′21″N 39°49′34″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Saudi Arebiya
Province of Saudi Arabia (en)	yankin Makka
Babban birnin	Kingdom of Hejaz (en) (1916–1925) Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (en) (1925–1932) yankin Makka (1932–) The Holy Capital Governorate (en) (1932–)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	2,427,924 (2022)
• Yawan mutane	3,194.64 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	760 km²
Altitude (en)	277 m
Bayanan tarihi
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Mecca (en)
Tsarin Siyasa
• Gwamna	Khalid bin Faisal (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+03:00 (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	1
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	hmm.gov.sa

Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar. .

Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"^[7][8]. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu^[9]Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. Babban Masallacin Makkah, wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan Ka'aba ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya^[10].

Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin Hijaz ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa^[11].

Kofa^[12]higa Makkah

photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma

Ka'aba

gari mafitsarki aduniya

Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta

Tarihi

Tarihi

A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.^[13] Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.^[14]

Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD)

Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.^[15]Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.^[16]

Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45]

Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya

• 
  Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya

Tufafi

• 
  Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da

Mulki

• 
  Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad
• 
  Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz

Addini

• 
  Masallacin harami
• 
  Mina
• 
  Dutsen Jabal Rahamat
• 
  Alhazai a Makka mai girma

Qur'ani

hotal madina

Masallatai

Masallacin ka'aba

Masallacin Hydrabad Makka

Masallacin Ka'aba makka

• 
  Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah

Makkah

• 
  Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba

Madina

Cikin madina

Madina

Manyan gine ginen madina

• 
  Masallacin Madina

Mutane

• 
  Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid
• 
  Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya

Al'adu

Tattalin arziki

Noma

• 
  Bishiyan Dabino
• 
  Yayan Dabino
• 
  Bishiyoyin dabino
• 
  Gonan dabino
• 
  Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba
• 
  Gonan Dabino