Io

Io
	Io ke color image jiske Galileo spacecraft,; 1999 me utaris rahaa.
Discovery
Discovered by	Galileo Galilei
Discovery date	8 January 1610
Designations
Pronunciation	/ˈaɪ.oʊ/ nai to Greco-Latin me Īō; (approximated as /ˈiː.oʊ/), Feb 2022
Named after	Ἰώ Īō
Alternative names	Jupiter I
Adjectives	Ionian /aɪˈoʊniən/
Orbital characteristics
Periapsis	420000 km (0.002808 AU)
Apoapsis	423400 km (0.002830 AU)
Mean orbit radius	421700 km (0.002819 AU)
Eccentricity	0.0040313019
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.769137786 d (152853.5047 s,; 42.45930686 h)
Average orbital speed	17.334 km/s
Inclination	0.05° (to Jupiter's equator); 2.213° (to the ecliptic)
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Galilean moon
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	3,660.0 × 3,637.4 × 3,630.6 km
Mean radius	1821.6±0.5 km (0.28592 Earths)
Surface area	41698064.7357 km2 (0.082 Earths)
Volume	2.5319064907×1010 km3 (0.023 Earths)
Mass	(8.931938±0.000018)×1022 kg; (0.015 Earths)
Mean density	3.528±0.006 g/cm3 (0.639 Earths)
Surface gravity	1.796502844 m/s2 (0.1831923077 g)
Moment of inertia factor	0.37824±0.00022
Escape velocity	2,558.3174910781 m/s
Synodic rotation period	synchronous
Equatorial rotation velocity	271 km/h
North pole right ascension	268.05°
North pole declination	64.50°
Albedo	0.63±0.02
Apparent magnitude	5.02 (opposition)
Angular diameter	1.2 arcseconds
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	0.5 to 4 mPa (4.93×10−9 to 3.95×10−8 atm)
Composition by volume	90% sulfur dioxide

Io (/ˈaɪ.oʊ/), Jupiter ke chaar khaas chaand me se Jupiter ke sab se nagiich hae aur duusra sab se chhota hae. Lo, dunia ke Chandarma se thorraa barraa hae aur Saur Mandal ke 4th sab se barra chaand hae. Iske density aur sab chaand ke mukable me sab se jaada hae, iske surface gravity sab se jaada hae aur isme sab se kamti paani hae agar iske saur mandal ke koi bhi chij se compare karaa jaae.

[1]
"Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023.
[2]
"Io". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020.
Template:MW
[3]
Kieffer, S. W. (1982). "Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Volcanic Eruptions: Implications for the Plumes on Io". In Morrison, David. Satellites of Jupiter. Space science series. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-0762-7. https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/system/actioncallout/4/f/d/4fd096aa-d130-495a-a611-80deb03ab195/attachment/28561a2d1a1959358964a24da9723ff2.pdf.
[4]
Williams, D. J. (18 October 1996). "Electron Beams and Ion Composition Measured at Io and in Its Torus" (in en). Science 274 (5286): 401–403. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.401. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8832885.
[5]
Thomas, P. C. (1998). "The Shape of Io from Galileo Limb Measurements". Icarus 135 (1): 175–180. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5987.
[6]
Yeomans, Donald K. (13 July 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics.
[7]
Schubert, G.; Anderson, J. D.; Spohn, T.; McKinnon, W. B. (2004). "Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". In Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B.. Jupiter : the planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMERHqj9ivcC&pg=PA281.
[8]
Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
[9]
Rathbun, J. A.; Spencer, J.R.; Tamppari, L.K.; Martin, T.Z.; Barnard, L.; Travis, L.D. (2004). "Mapping of Io's thermal radiation by the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (PPR) instrument". Icarus 169 (1): 127–139. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.021.
[10]
"Classic Satellites of the Solar System". Observatorio ARVAL. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2007.
[11]
"Io". www.eso.org. 5 December 2001. Retrieved 21 May 2022.

Quick Facts Discovery, Discovered by ...

[IAUMoonDiscoveries-1] [1]
"Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023.

[2] [2]
"Io". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020.
Template:MW

[3] [3]
Kieffer, S. W. (1982). "Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Volcanic Eruptions: Implications for the Plumes on Io". In Morrison, David. Satellites of Jupiter. Space science series. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-0762-7. https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/system/actioncallout/4/f/d/4fd096aa-d130-495a-a611-80deb03ab195/attachment/28561a2d1a1959358964a24da9723ff2.pdf.

[4] [4]
Williams, D. J. (18 October 1996). "Electron Beams and Ion Composition Measured at Io and in Its Torus" (in en). Science 274 (5286): 401–403. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.401. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8832885.

[Thomas1998-5] [5]
Thomas, P. C. (1998). "The Shape of Io from Galileo Limb Measurements". Icarus 135 (1): 175–180. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5987.

[jplfact-6] [6]
Yeomans, Donald K. (13 July 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics.

[Schubert2004-7] [7]
Schubert, G.; Anderson, J. D.; Spohn, T.; McKinnon, W. B. (2004). "Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". In Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B.. Jupiter : the planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMERHqj9ivcC&pg=PA281.

[iau2015-8] [8]
Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.

[Rathbun2004-9] [9]
Rathbun, J. A.; Spencer, J.R.; Tamppari, L.K.; Martin, T.Z.; Barnard, L.; Travis, L.D. (2004). "Mapping of Io's thermal radiation by the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (PPR) instrument". Icarus 169 (1): 127–139. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.021.

[magnitude-10] [10]
"Classic Satellites of the Solar System". Observatorio ARVAL. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2007.

[www.eso.org_2001-11] [11]
"Io". www.eso.org. 5 December 2001. Retrieved 21 May 2022.

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