Istanbul

Istanbul, Turkey ke sab se barraa city hae jon ki 1923 talak Ottoman Empire ke capital rahaa. Ii city purana time me Byzantium aur Constantinople ke naam se jaanajaawat rahaa. Ii ek seaport hae aur Turkey ke khaas trade kare waala centre hae.

Istanbul İstanbul (Turkish)
—  Metropolitan municipality aur province  —
[[File: Historical peninsula, jisme Blue Mosque aur Hagia Sophia hae Maiden's Tower Galata Tower İstiklal Avenue aur iske tram Topkapı Palace Levent business district Bosporus, 15 July Martyrs Bridge and Ortaköy Mosque |250px|none|alt=|Skyline of Istanbul]]
Location of Istanbul
[[File: OpenStreetMap  |250px|none|alt=|Location of Istanbul]]
Istanbul Show map of Turkey Istanbul Show map of Europe Istanbul Show map of Asia Location within Turkey##Location within Europe##Location within Asia
Country	Turkey
Region	Marmara
Province	Istanbul
Provincial seat	Cağaloğlu, Fatih
Districts	39
Government
- Type	Mayor–council government
- Mayor	Nuri Aslan (acting) (Template:Polparty)
Population (31 December 2024)[1]
- Metropolitan municipality aur province	15,701,602
- Urban	15,340,111
Population rank	1st
- Demonym	Istanbulite
GDP Nominal (2023) [2][3]
- Metropolitan municipality and province	₺ 8,060 billion US$ 340.4 billion
- Per capita	₺ 510,733 US$ 21,741
Time zone	TRT (UTC+3)
Postal code	34000 to 34990
ISO 3166 code	TR-34
Vehicle registration	34
GeoTLD	.ist, .istanbul
Website	ibb.istanbul istanbul.gov.tr

Istanbul ke aage Golden Horn aur Bosporus strait hae. Bosphorus, Black Sea aure Sea of Marmara ke jorre hae aur, Europe aur Asia ke separate kare hae. Ii city duuno Europe aur Asia me hae. Iske abaadi 11 aur 15 million ke biich me hae.

Iske pahila naam Greek me Byzantion aur Latin me Byzantium rahaa. Byzantium ke pahila dafe 667BC me Greek log aae ke base rahin. 196 AD me , Byzantium ke Romans log barbaad kar diin rahaa lekin baad me iske Roman Emperor Septimius Severus fir se banais. Constantine the Great sochis ki ii city ek achchhaa jagah pe hae aur 330 AD me Rome ke capital ke hian pe move kar diis rahaa, jiske suruu me New Roma bola jaawat rahaa lekin baad me iske naam badal ke Constantinople (Constantinopolis Greek bhasa me), rakh newa gais.

Jab Roman Empire ke dui bhaag me baat dewa gais tab ii city East Roman Empire, jiske Byzantine Empire ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rhaa, ke capital banaa. Iske kuch din talak Crusaders log occupy kar liin rahaa lekin ii bahut din talak Europe ke ek political, cultural, religious aur economical center rahaa jab talak ii 1453 me Ottoman Turks ke niche nai aais.

TIstanbul ke Turkish citizens me Ethnic groups(2019 KONDA survey)
Turks		78%
Kurds		17%
Zazas		1%
Arabs		1%
Others		3%

Itihaas

Neolithic chij jiske 21st century ke suruwaat me paawa gais rahaa, ii dekhae hae ki Istanbul ke peninsula me log 6th millennium BC se rahe hae.^[4] Uu puraana basti, jon Neolithic Revolution ke Near East se Europe lae jaae me jaruri rahaa, ek millennium talak chalaa rahaa, jab samundar ke paani se baarr ke kaaran ii jagha paani ke niche hoe gais rahaa.^[5][4][6][7] Asia ke bagal ke pahila insaan ke basti, Fikirtepe mound, Copper Age ke hae, jiske chij ke 5500 se 2500 BC date karaa gais hae.^[8] Europe ke bagal, peninsula ke tip me, 1st millennium BCE me ek Thracian basti rahaa. Aaj-kal ke lekhak iske Thracian toponum "Lygos" se link karis hae,^[9] aur iske Pliny the Elder Byzantium ke pahila waala naam batais hae.^[10]

Chaapa

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