Soviet Union

Soviet Union, jiske sarkari naam Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) rahaa, ek russian des rahaa, 1922 se 1991 talak. Iske 14 Soviet socialist republics aur ek Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) rahaa. Jon des isme rahin lekin abhi ajaad des hae ke suchi hae:

Soviet Union ke Republics

1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Belarus
4. Estonia
5. Georgia
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyzstan
8. Latvia
9. Lithuania
10. Moldova
11. Russia
12. Tajikistan
13. Turkmenistan
14. Ukraine
15. Uzbekistan

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik[1]
1922–1991
Flag (1955–1991) State Emblem (1956–1991)
Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! "Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem:  Интернационал "The Internationale" (1922–1944) Государственный гимн Союза Советских Социалистических Республик "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (1944–1991)
The Soviet Union during the Cold War
Capital and largest city	Moscow 55°45′N 37°37′E
Official languages	Russian
Recognised regional languages	Ukrainian Belarusian Uzbek Kazakh Georgian Azerbaijani Lithuanian Moldavian (Romanian) Latvian Kyrgyz Tajik Armenian Turkmen Estonian
Ethnic groups (1989)	70% East Slavs 17% Turkic 13% other
Religion	Template:Ubli
Demonym(s)	Soviet
Government	Federal Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic
Leader
• 1922–1924 (first)	Vladimir Lenin
• 1924–1953	Joseph Stalin
• 1953	Georgy Malenkov
• 1953–1964	Nikita Khrushchev
• 1964–1982	Leonid Brezhnev
• 1982–1984	Yuri Andropov
• 1984–1985	Konstantin Chernenko
• 1985–1991 (last)	Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of State
• 1922–1946 (first)	Mikhail Kalinin
• 1988–1991 (last)	Mikhail Gorbachev
Premier
• 1922–1924 (first)	Vladimir Lenin
• 1991 (last)	Ivan Silayev
Legislature	Template:Ubli
• Upper house	Template:Ubli
• Lower house	Soviet of the Union (1936–1991)
Historical era	Interwar period World War II Cold War
• October Revolution	7 November 1917
• Treaty of Creation	30 December 1922
• First constitution	31 January 1924
• Second constitution	5 December 1936
• Westward expansion	1939–1940
• Great Patriotic War	1941–1945
• De-Stalinization	25 February 1956
• Last constitution	9 October 1977
• Parade of sovereignties	1988–1991
• August Coup	19–22 August 1991
• Belovezha Accords	8 December 1991
• Formal dissolution	26 December 1991
Area
• Total	22,402,200 km2 (8,600,000 sq mi) (1st)
• Water	2,767,198 km2 (1,100,000 sq mi)
• Water (%)	12.3
Population
• 1989 census	Template:IncreaseNeutral 286,730,819[2] (3rd)
• Density	12.7 /km2 (32.9 /sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	1990 estimate
• Total	$2.7 trillion[lower-alpha 1] (2nd)
• Per capita	$9,000
GDP (nominal)	1990 estimate
• Total	$2.7 trillion[3] (2nd)
• Per capita	$9,000 (28th)
Gini (1989)	0.275 low inequality
HDI (1990 formula)	0.920[4] very high
Currency	Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR)
Time zone	(UTC+2 to +12)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+7
ISO 3166 code	SU
Internet TLD	.su
Preceded by Succeeded by 1922: Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Transcaucasian SFSR 1939: Poland 1940: Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Romania 1945: Hungary 1990: Lithuania Latvia Estonia 1991: Georgia Ukraine Belarus Moldova Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Tajikistan Armenia Azerbaijan Turkmenistan Russian Federation Kazakhstan CIS
With the exception of the CIS – an intergovernmental organization and legal successor to the Soviet Union – only states that are former Soviet republics, now members of the United Nations, are listed as successors.

Soviet Union ke jhanda

Soviet Union, Russian Revolution ke lagbhag paach saal baad banaawa gais jab Vladimir Lenin leaser banaa. Lenin ii des ke communist banais jisme sarkar sab rakam ke utpaadan pe control rakkhis. Ii union ke sab se barraa des Russia rahaa, duusra sab se barraa des Kazakhistan aur tiisra sab se barra des Unkaine rahaa. Iske capital Moscow rahaa.

Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union des kae kaanun banaawat rahaa, lekin asliyat me communist party ke General Secretary ke isme puura haanth rahaa. Communist Party ke general secretary ke suchi hae:

Lenin, jon ki Soviet Union ke suruu karis rahaa

• Joseph Stalin (3 April 1922 - {16 October]] 1952)
• Nikita Khrushchev (7 September 1953 - 14 Octobe 1964)
• Leonid Brezhnes (14 October 1964 - 10 November 1982)
• Yuri Andropov (12 November 1982 9 February 1984)
• Konstantin Chernenko (13 February 1984 - 10 March 1985)
• Mikhail Gorbachev (11 March]] 1985 - 24 August 1991)

1. Schiffman, H. (19 November 2002). "Language Policy in the former Soviet Union". University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024.
2. Almanaque Mundial 1996, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pp. 548–552 (Demografía/Biometría table).
3. "GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
4. "Human Development Report 1990" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. January 1990. p. 111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2020.

1. Statistics surrounding Soviet GDP are only estimates as the Soviet Union did not use Gross Domestic Product or Gross National Product to measure its economy until 1990, before which it utilised a system known as the Material Product System