Titan

Titan
	Titan ke chhaapa, jiske Cassini orbiter, December; 2011 me utaris rahaa.
Discovery
Discovered by	Christiaan Huygens
Discovery date	March 25, 1655
Designations
Designation	Saturn VI
Named after	Τῑτάν Tītan
Adjectives	Titanian or Titanean; (both /taɪˈteɪniən/)
Orbital characteristics
Periapsis	1186680 km
Apoapsis	1257060 km
Semi-major axis	1221870 km
Eccentricity	0.0288
Orbital period (sidereal)	15.945 d
Average orbital speed	5.57 km/s (calculated)
Inclination	0.34854° (to Saturn's equator)
Satellite of	Saturn
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	2574.73±0.09 km (0.404 Earths)
Surface area	8.33×107 km2 (0.163 Earths)
Volume	7.16×1010 km3 (0.066 Earths)
Mass	(1.34518±0.00003)×1023 kg ; (0.0225 Earths)
Mean density	1.8798±0.0044 g/cm3
Surface gravity	1.352 m/s2 (0.138 g)
Moment of inertia factor	0.3414±0.0005 (estimate)
Escape velocity	2.641 km/s
Synodic rotation period	Synchronous
Axial tilt	Zero (to the orbital plane);; 27° (to the sun)
Albedo	0.22 (geometric) ; 0.265±0.03 (Bond)
Temperature	93.7 K (−179.5 °C)
Apparent magnitude	8.2 to 9.0
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	146.7 kPa (1.45 atm)
Composition by volume	Variable Stratosphere:; 98.4% nitrogen (NScript error: No such module "su".),; 1.4% methane (CHScript error: No such module "su".),; 0.2% hydrogen (HScript error: No such module "su".); Lower troposphere:; 95.0% NScript error: No such module "su"., 4.9% CHScript error: No such module "su".;; 97% NScript error: No such module "su"., 2.7±0.1% CHScript error: No such module "su"., 0.1–0.2% HScript error: No such module "su".Template:Sfnp

Titan, Sanigrah ke chaand me se sab se barraa hae aur ii Saur Mandal ke duusra sab se barraa chaand hae. Ii khaali ek jaana jaae waala chaand hae jiske atmosphere, dunia ke atmosphere se denser hae, aur outer space me, dunia ke alaawa, khaali ek jagha hae jahaan pe stable bodies of liquid ke rahe ke sabuut hae. Titan, Sanigrah ke saat golaa chaand me se ek hae aur duusra sab se duur hae. Titan ke diameter, dunia ke chaand se 50% jaada hae aur 80% jaada garrhu hae. Ii saur mandal me, Jupiter ke chaand, Ganymede, baad, duusra sab se barraa chaand hae, aur Mercury se barraa hae; lekin Titan ke wajan Mercury ke khaali 40% hae, kaaheki Mercury me jaada loha aur patthar hae, jab Titan jaada kar ke ice hae, jon kamti dense hae.

[1]
"Cassini Equinox Mission: Huygens Landed with a Splat". JPL. January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
[2]
Luz (2003). "Latitudinal transport by barotropic waves in Titan's stratosphere". Icarus 166 (2): 343–358. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.014.
[3]
Template:OED
[4]
"Titanian" is the written adjectival form of both Titan and Uranus's moon Titania. However, Uranus's moon has a Shakespearean pronunciation with a short "i" vowel and the "a" of spa: /tɪˈtɑːniən/, while either spelling for Titan is pronounced with those two vowels long: /taɪˈteɪniən/.
[5]
Unless otherwise specified: "JPL HORIZONS solar system data and ephemeris computation service". Solar System Dynamics. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
[6]
Zebker, Howard A.; Stiles, Bryan; Hensley, Scott; Lorenz, Ralph; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lunine, Jonathan I. (May 15, 2009). "Size and Shape of Saturn's Moon Titan". Science 324 (5929): 921–923. doi:10.1126/science.1168905. PMID 19342551. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7ec3/29458f5dabfa6c370476df8236779941f93f.pdf.
[7]
Durante, Daniele; Hemingway, Douglas J.; Racioppa, Paolo; Iess, Luciano; Stevenson, David J. (July 2019). "Titan's gravity field and interior structure after Cassini". Icarus 326: 123–132. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.003.
[8]
Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; Ionasescu, R.; Jones, J. B.; Mackenzie, R. A.; Meek, M. C. et al. (December 2006). "The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data". The Astronomical Journal 132 (6): 2520–2526. doi:10.1086/508812.
[9]
Iess, L.; Rappaport, N. J.; Jacobson, R. A.; Racioppa, P.; Stevenson, D. J.; Tortora, P.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W. (March 12, 2010). "Gravity Field, Shape, and Moment of Inertia of Titan". Science 327 (5971): 1367–1369. doi:10.1126/science.1182583. PMID 20223984.
[10]
Williams, D. R. (February 22, 2011). "Saturnian Satellite Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
[11]
Li, Liming et al. (December 2011). "The global energy balance of Titan". Geophysical Research Letters 38 (23). doi:10.1029/2011GL050053. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110023012/downloads/20110023012.pdf. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
[12]
Mitri, G.; Showman, Adam P.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Lorenz, Ralph D. (2007). "Hydrocarbon Lakes on Titan". Icarus 186 (2): 385–394. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.004. https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/mitri-etal-2007-lakes.pdf.

Quick facts Discovery, Discovered by ...

[1] [1]
"Cassini Equinox Mission: Huygens Landed with a Splat". JPL. January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2010.

[2] [2]
Luz (2003). "Latitudinal transport by barotropic waves in Titan's stratosphere". Icarus 166 (2): 343–358. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.014.

[3] [3]
Template:OED

[4] [4]
"Titanian" is the written adjectival form of both Titan and Uranus's moon Titania. However, Uranus's moon has a Shakespearean pronunciation with a short "i" vowel and the "a" of spa: /tɪˈtɑːniən/, while either spelling for Titan is pronounced with those two vowels long: /taɪˈteɪniən/.

[horizons-5] [5]
Unless otherwise specified: "JPL HORIZONS solar system data and ephemeris computation service". Solar System Dynamics. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2007.

[Zebker_2018-6] [6]
Zebker, Howard A.; Stiles, Bryan; Hensley, Scott; Lorenz, Ralph; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lunine, Jonathan I. (May 15, 2009). "Size and Shape of Saturn's Moon Titan". Science 324 (5929): 921–923. doi:10.1126/science.1168905. PMID 19342551. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7ec3/29458f5dabfa6c370476df8236779941f93f.pdf.

[Durante_2019-7] [7]
Durante, Daniele; Hemingway, Douglas J.; Racioppa, Paolo; Iess, Luciano; Stevenson, David J. (July 2019). "Titan's gravity field and interior structure after Cassini". Icarus 326: 123–132. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.003.

[Jacobson_2006-8] [8]
Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; Ionasescu, R.; Jones, J. B.; Mackenzie, R. A.; Meek, M. C. et al. (December 2006). "The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data". The Astronomical Journal 132 (6): 2520–2526. doi:10.1086/508812.

[Iess2010-9] [9]
Iess, L.; Rappaport, N. J.; Jacobson, R. A.; Racioppa, P.; Stevenson, D. J.; Tortora, P.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W. (March 12, 2010). "Gravity Field, Shape, and Moment of Inertia of Titan". Science 327 (5971): 1367–1369. doi:10.1126/science.1182583. PMID 20223984.

[10] [10]
Williams, D. R. (February 22, 2011). "Saturnian Satellite Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved April 22, 2015.

[11] [11]
Li, Liming et al. (December 2011). "The global energy balance of Titan". Geophysical Research Letters 38 (23). doi:10.1029/2011GL050053. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110023012/downloads/20110023012.pdf. Retrieved August 20, 2023.

[Mitri-12] [12]
Mitri, G.; Showman, Adam P.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Lorenz, Ralph D. (2007). "Hydrocarbon Lakes on Titan". Icarus 186 (2): 385–394. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.004. https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/mitri-etal-2007-lakes.pdf.

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