Acido disoxyribonucleic

Acido disoxyribonucleic o deoxyribonucleic (ADN, in anglese: DNA)^[1] es un acido nucleic que contine le instructiones genetic usate in le disveloppamento e functionamento de tote le organismos vive cognoscite e alicun viruses. Le rolo principal de moleculas ADN es memorar information de termino longe. ADN es comparate frequentemente con un insimul de cyanotypos, o un codice, perque illo contine le instructiones necessari pro construer altere componentes de cellulas, como proteinas e moleculas ARN (acido ribonucleic). Le segmentos de ADN que supporta isto information genetic se appella genes, ma altere sequentias de ADN ha proposito structural, o es implicate in regularitate del uso de isto information genetic.

Nota

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Le structura de un parte de helice duple ADN

Acido disoxyribonucleic
instantia de: classe structural de entitates chimic[*]
subclasse de: nucleic acids[*], biopolymer[*], biological macromolecule[*]
parte de: mitochondrion[*], Genoma, nucleosome[*], DNA binding[*], DNA metabolic process[*], DNA catabolic process[*], DNA biosynthetic process[*], DNA transport[*], DNA transmembrane transporter activity[*], protein-DNA-RNA complex[*], protein-DNA complex[*], DNA import into cell involved in transformation[*], catalytic activity, acting on DNA[*], nucleo
Commons: DNA

ADN es composite, (in chimia organic) de duo longe polymeros de unitates simple nominate nucleotides.

Proprietates

Le structura chemical de ADN. Ligamines de hydrogeno es designato con lineas con punctos.

ADN es un polymer longe composito de unitos que se repeta, nominate nucleotides.^[2][3] Le catena de ADN es 22 a 26 Ångströms large (2.2 to 2.6 nanometres), e uno nucleotide es 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) longe.^[4]

In le organismos vive, ADN no exista como un molecule solo, ma como un par de molecules associate stricte.^[5][6] Multiple nucleotide in ligamine, como in ADN, isto polymer es nominate polynucleotide.^[7]

Cannellaturas

Animation de la structura de un section de ADN. ^[8]

Le helice duble es un spiral dextera. ^{[9] [10]}

Historia de recerca de DNA

Francis Crick

ADN esseva primero isolate de le physician Switze Friedrich Miescher 1869, quando il discoperiva un substantia microscopic in le pure de bandages chirurgic. Proque il esseva discoperite in le nucleo del cellula, il lo nominava ille "nuclein".^[11]

In 1919, Phoebus Levene discoperiva le unitate basic del ADN, le nucleotide^[12] In le annos 1950, Edwin Chargaff discoperiva que le amonta de thymine (T) esse casi equivilante al amonta del adenine (A); per isto, il discoperiva que le mesmo occure con guanine (G) e cytosine (C).

Un annos postea in 1952, un scientista britannic, Rosalind Franklin, studiava crystallos de DNA - specialmente, su diffraction de radios X. Con iste imagines e con communicationes private con Chargaff, James Watson e Francis Crick sugeriva que hodie esse reguardava como le prime modello correcte del structura helical duple de ADN. Con Maurice Wilkins, cuje labor supportava le hypothese de Watson e Crick, illos ganiava le Premio Nobel pro physiologia o medicina in 1962. (Franklin esseva considerate un pionero equal, ma ille moriva in 1958 per cancere ovarian, e le premio nobel non esse acccordate postumemente.)

Le final discoperatura in le analyse de DNA esseva le labor facite per Khorana, Holley e Nirenberg. Per le discoperatura per Crick que le codice genetic esseva basate in triplettos de bases, nominate "codon", Khorana, Holley, e Nirenberg discoperiva lo pro que le codones codiva; iste esseva le initio de biologia molecular.

Vide etiam

• Perturbation genetic
• Plasmid
• Nucleic acid analogues
• Nucleic acid methodes
• Nucleic Acid Notationes
• ADN sequentiante
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Phosphoramidite

Referentias

1. Cleij, Piet (2012). Dictionario de biologia interlingua-anglese. Union Mundial pro Interlingua, pp. 3,5,55,59. ISBN 978-2-36607-002-6.
2. Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walters (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1. OCLC 145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405.
3. Butler, John M. (2001). Forensic DNA Typing. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-147951-0. OCLC 223032110 45406517.pp. 14–15.
4. Mandelkern M, Elias J, Eden D, Crothers D (1981). “The dimensions of DNA in solution”. J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–61. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1. PMID 7338906.
5. Watson J, Crick F (1953). “Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid” (PDF). Nature 171 (4356): 737–8. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692.
6. Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2002) Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company ISBN 0-7167-4955-6
7. Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and their Constituents IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN), Accessed 03 Jan 2006
8. Creato ab PDB 1D65
9. Wing R, Drew H, Takano T, Broka C, Tanaka S, Itakura K, Dickerson R (1980). “Crystal structure analysis of a complete turn of B-DNA”. Nature 287 (5784): 755–8. doi:10.1038/287755a0. PMID 7432492.
10. Pabo C, Sauer R (1984). “Protein-DNA recognition”. Annu Rev Biochem 53: 293–321. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453. PMID 6236744.
11. (anglese) Dahm R (2005). “Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA”. Dev Biol 278 (2): 274–88. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.028. PMID 15680349.
12. (anglese) Levine, Phoebus A. The Structure of Yeast Nucleic Acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry: 40, 415-424.