Testudines

Testudines es un ordine de Sauropsida qui contine 14 familias actual de tortucas. Se distribute in duo subordines secundo le movimento del collo pro proteger le capite in le carapace:

• in Pleurodira, le capite gira al latere;
• in Cryptodira, le capite se retrahe axialmente.

Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox Testudines Rango fossile: Late Jurassic – Present preꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Classification scientific
Dominio: Eukaryota Regno: Animalia Subregno: Bilateria Phylo: Chordata Superclasse: Tetrapoda (sin rango) Amniota Classe: Sauropsida
Ordine
Testudines Batsch, 1788[1]
Synonymia
Chelonii Latreille 1800 Chelonia Ross and Macartney 1802
Blau: marine tortucas; nigre: terrestre
Subordines:
Cryptodira Pleurodira Paracryptodira †

Phylogenia

Cladogramma externe

Secundo Crawford et al. (2012)^[2] e Gemmell et al. (2020)^[3]:

Amniota	Synapsida   (Mammiferos e mammalian "reptiles")  Sauropsida   Parareptilia †  Sauria   Lepidosauria   Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodon)  Squamata (lacertas e serpentes)  Testudines (tortucas)  Archosauria  Crurotarsi  Crocodilia  Avemetatarsalia   Pterosauria †  Dinosauria   Sauropoda † (Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus)  Theropoda   Tyrannosauridae †  Aves

Cladogramma interne

Le phylogenia interne es le sequente:^[4][5]

Testudines	Pleurodira   Pelomedusidae  Podocnemididae  Chelidae  Cryptodira   Testudinoidea   Testudinidae  Geoemydidae  Platysternidae  Emydidae  Chelydroidea   Chelydridae  Dermatemydidae  Kinosternidae  Chelonioidea  Dermochelyidae    Cheloniidae  Trionychia   Carettochelyidae  Trionychidae

Referentias

1. Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2017). Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status, 8th, Chelonian Research Monographs (no. 1) 7, Chelonian Research Foundation: Turtle Conservancy, 10, 24. doi:10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017. ISBN 978-1-5323-5026-9. OCLC 1124067380.
2. Crawford, N.G.; Faircloth, B.C.; McCormack, J.E.; Brumfield, R.T.; Winker, K.; Glenn, T.C. More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs. Biol. Lett. 2012, 8, 783–786.
3. Gemmell, N.J.; Rutherford, K.; Prost, S.; Tollis, M.; Winter, D.; Macey, J.R.; Adelson, D.L.; Suh, A.; Bertozzi, T.; Grau, J.H.; et al. The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution. Nature 2020, 584, 403–409.
4. "A Phylogenomic Analysis of Turtles" (2015). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83: 250–257. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.021. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 25450099.
5. "A Global Phylogeny of Turtles Reveals a Burst of Climate-associated Diversification on Continental Margins" (February 8, 2021). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (7). doi:10.1073/pnas.2012215118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 33558231. Bibcode: 2021PNAS..11812215T.