Rhizobium

Rhizobium er ættkvísl Gram-neikvæðra jarðvegs baktería sem binda nítrógen. Rhizobium mynda innanfrumusamlíf í sambandi við rætur ertuættar og Parasponia.

Rhizobium
Rhizobium tropici á agar.
Vísindaleg flokkun
Ríki: Bacteria Fylking: Proteobacteria Flokkur: Alphaproteobacteria Ættbálkur: Rhizobiales Ætt: Rhizobiaceae Ættkvísl: Rhizobium Frank 1889
Einkennistegund
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Species[1]
See text.

Bakteríurnar búa í plöntufrumum í rótarhnýðum þar sem þau umbreyta nitri í lofti í ammoníak og gefa af sér nitursambönd svo sem glútamín eða ureide til plöntunnar. Á móti veitir plantan bakteríunum lífræn efni sem hún hefur myndað með ljóstillífun.^[2] Þetta er gagnkvæmt hagkvæmt samlífi sem er einkennandi fyrir Rhizobium ættkvíslina.

Saga

Beijerinck í Niðurlöndum var fyrstur til að einangra og rækta örveru úr rótum ertuplantna 1888. Hann nefndi hana Bacillus radicicola, og er hún nú staðsett í Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology undir ættkvíslinni Rhizobium.

Tegundir

• Rhizobium aggregatum (Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur et al. 2011^[3]
• Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009
• Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al. 2015
• Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al. 2015
• Rhizobium azibense Mnasri et al. 2014
• Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al. 2016
• Rhizobium bangladeshense Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium binae Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium calliandrae Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium capsici Lin et al. 2015
• Rhizobium cauense Liu et al. 2015
• Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007
• Rhizobium daejeonense Quan et al. 2005
• Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al. 2015
• Rhizobium endolithicum Parag et al. 2014
• Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2010
• Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993^[4]
  • symbiovar mimosae
  • symbiovar phaseoli
• Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008
• Rhizobium flavum Gu et al. 2014
• Rhizobium freirei Dall'Agnol et all. 2013
• Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997
  • symbiovar gallicum^[5]
  • symbiovar orientale^[6]
  • symbiovar phaseoli^[5]
• Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2011
• Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997
• Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012
• Rhizobium halotolerans Diange and Lee 2013^[7]
• Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002
• Rhizobium jaguaris Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium kunmingense Shen et al. 2010
• Rhizobium laguerreae Saïdi et al. 2014
• Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889
  • symbiovar trifolii
  • symbiovar viciae
• Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014
• Rhizobium lentis Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2011
• Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003
• Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006
• "Candidatus Rhizobium massiliae" Greub et al. 2004.
• Rhizobium mayense Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2011
• Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009
• Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al. 2015
• Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008
• Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998^[6]
• Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008
• Rhizobium naphthalenivorans Kaiya et al. 2012
• Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al. 2015
• Rhizobium pakistanensis Khalid et al. 2014
• Rhizobium paranaense Dall'Agnol et al. 2014
• Rhizobium petrolearium Zhang et al. 2012
• Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
• Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum Wen et al. 2011
• Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
  • symbiovar trifolii^[8]
  • symbiovar viciae^[8]
• Rhizobium pongamiae Kesari et al. 2013^[9]
• Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al. 2014
• Rhizobium qilianshanense Xu et al. 2013^[10]
• Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001
• Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al. 2014
• Rhizobium rosettiformans Kaur et al. 2011
• Rhizobium selenitireducens corrig. Hunter et al. 2008
• Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al. 2014
• Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010
• Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al. 2014
• Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al. 2014
• Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al. 2014
• Rhizobium subbaraonis Ramana et al. 2013
• Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002
• Rhizobium tarimense Turdahon et al. 2012^[11]
• Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009
• Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991
• Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011
• Rhizobium vallis Wang et all. 2011^[12]
• Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001^[6]
• Rhizobium yantingense Chen et al. 2015

Phylogeny

Núverandi viðurkennt ættartré samkvæmt List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ^[1] og National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[13] og ættartréð er byggt á 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 frá The All-Species Living Tree Project ^[14]

Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006     Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001     Agrobacterium rubi Hildebrand 1940         Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008     Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991       Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008         Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008[15]           Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2011     Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009       Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993         Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008       Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008     Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008       Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997         Arthrobacter viscosus Gasdorf et al. 1965[16]     Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009     Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009         Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002       Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002       Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997     Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001       Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998     Rhizobium oryzae Peng et al. 2008       Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003       Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011             Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007     Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010         Neorhizobium galegae Lindström 1989     Neorhizobium vignae Ren et al. 2011         Neorhizobium huautlense Wang et al. 1998     Neorhizobium alkalisoli Lu et al. 2009