Valencia
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Valencia (Bahasa Balansi: Valéncia)[1] atau Balansiyah[2] (Arab: بَلَنْسِيَة, rumi: Balansiyah[3][4]) adalah bandar ketiga terbesar Sepanyol. Penduduknya berjumlah 807,396 orang pada tahun (2006).
 | Rencana ini perlu dikemas kini. (Apr 2023) |
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Penamaan
Nama kota ini turunan Latin Valentia (IPA: [waˈlɛntɪ.a]) "kekuatan" terbitan kata sifat valens "kuat"; Livius menulis penubuhan kota memperingati askar-askar Romawi yang berkhemah di sekitar tapak sana semasa Perang Lusitania bertempur melawan Viriatus.[5]
Semasa zaman Andalusiyah; kota ini dijolok dengan nama مدينة التُرَاب Madinah at-Turab yang bermaksud 'Kota Tanah' kerana dikatakan banyak tempat ladang tani yang didirikan di sana;[3] tetapi ia juga boleh dibaca sebagai مدينة التَرَاب Madinah at-Tarab 'Kota Bahagia' atau Madinah at-Turab 'Kota Pasir' kerana terletaknya di tebing sungai Turia.[6]
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Geografi
Valencia terletak di pesisir timur Semenanjung Iberia menghadap teluk yang senama atas lembangan bertanah subur hilir Sungai Turia.[7]
Suhu
Valencia beriklim subtropika menghampiri iklim Mediterranean (kelas Köppen: Csa)[8] dan iklim separuh gersang (BSk),[8] dengan musim sejuk suam serta musim panas terik panjang.
Pelancongan
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Budaya
Muzium
- Ciudad de los Artes y las Ciencias (City of Arts and Sciences). Designed by the Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava, it is situated in the former Túria river-bed and comprises the following monuments:
- Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, a flamboyant opera and music palace with four halls and a total area of 37,000 m2 (398,000 ka2).
- L'Oceanogràfic, the largest aquarium in Europe, with a variety of ocean beings from different environments: from the Mediterranean, fishes from the ocean and reef inhabitants, sharks, mackerel swarms, dolphinarium, inhabitants of the polar regions (belugas, walruses, penguins), coast inhabitants (sea lions), etc. L'Oceanogràfic exhibits also smaller animals as coral, jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.
- El Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe, an interactive museum of science but resembling the skeleton of a whale. It occupies around 40,000 m² on three flats.
- Museu de Prehistòria de València (Prehistory Museum of Valencia)
- Museu Valencià d'Etnologia (Valencian Museum of Ethnology)
- House Museum Blasco Ibáñez
- IVAM – Institut Valencià d'Art Modern – Centre Julio González Julio González Centre – Valencian Institute of Modern Art
- Museu de Belles Arts San Pío V (Museum of Fine Arts)
- Museu Faller (Falles Museum)
- Museu d'Història de València (Museum of History of Valencia)
- Museu Taurí de València (Bullfighting Museum)
- MuVIM – Museu Valencià de la Il·lustració i la Modernitat (Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity)
- Museo Nacional de Cerámica y de las Artes Suntuarias / Museu Nacional de Ceràmica i Arts Sumptuàries González Martí (National Museum of Pottery and Sumptuary Arts González Martí)
- Computer Museum - is located within Technical School of Computer Engineering (Polytechnic University of Valencia) Official site
Sukan
Orang terkenal kelahiran Valencia
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- Pope Alexander VI, Pope from 1492 to 1503.
- Ibn al-Abbar (1199–1260), poet and diplomat
- Ausiàs March, poet.
- Joan Roís de Corella, poet and writer.
- Pope Callixtus III, Pope from 1455 to 1458.
- Enrique Simonet, painter (1866–1927)
- Luis de Santángel, finance minister.
- Alfonso III, King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona (as Alfons II).
- King James II of Aragon.
- King Peter III of Aragon (Peter the Great).
- Josu De Solaun Soto, classical music pianist.
- Guillén de Castro, famous Spanish writer of the Spanish Golden Age (1569–1631).
- Joanot Martorell (1413–1468), knight and writer the author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch.
- Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Spanish realist novelist writing in Spanish, a screenwriter and occasional film director (1867–1928).
- Joaquin Sorolla, painter, who excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes, and monumental works of social and historical themes.
- Joan Lluís Vives, a scholar and humanist.
- José Benlliure y Gil, painter.
- Antonio José Cavanilles, taxonomic botanist.
- José Iturbi, conductor and pianist.
- Luis García Berlanga, film director and screenwriter.
- Saint Vincent Ferrer, Dominican missionary and logician.
- Nino Bravo (birth name, Luis Manuel Ferri Llopis), popular singer (1944–1973)
- Santiago Calatrava, internationally recognized and award-winning architect.
- Joan Fuster, philologist, historian and writer.
- Josep Maria Bayarri, linguist, poet and writer.
- Joaquin Rodrigo, music composer.
- Manuel Palau, music composer.
- Raimon, composer and singer.
- Francisco Tárrega, influential Spanish composer and guitarist.
- Enric Valor i Vives, grammarian and writer.
- Manuel Sanchis i Guarner, philologist, historian and writer.
- María Teresa Fernández de la Vega, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politician and the first female First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain.
- Salvador Larroca, comic book artist.
- Raul Albiol, footballer
- Vicente Gandia, painter, artist (1935–2009)
- Victor Claver, basketball star
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Daerah
- Ciutat Vella: La Seu, La Xerea, El Carmen, El Pilar, El Mercado, San Francisco.
- Eixample: Russafa, El Pla del Remei, Gran Via.
- Extramurs: El Botànic, La Roqueta, La Pechina, Arrancapins.
- Campanar: Campanar, Les Tendetes, El Calvari, Sant Pau.
- La Saïdia: Marxalenes, Morvedre, Trinitat, Tormos, Sant Antoni.
- Pla del Real: Exposició, Mestalla, Jaume Roig, Ciutat Universitària
- Olivereta: Nou Moles, Soternes, Tres Forques, La Fontsanta, La Luz.
- Patraix: Patraix, Sant Isidre, Vara de Quart, Safranar, Favara.
- Jesús: La Raiosa, L'Hort de Senabre, The Covered Cross, Saint Marcelino, Real Way.
- Quatre Carreres: Montolivet, En Corts, Malilla, La Font de Sant Lluís, Na Rovella, La Punta, Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències.
- Poblats Marítims: El Grau, El Cabanyal, El Canyameral, La Malva-Rosa, Beteró, Nazaret.
- Camins del Grau: Aiora, Albors, Creu del Grau, Camí Fondo, Penya-Roja.
- Algiròs: Illa Perduda, Ciutat Jardí, Amistat, Vega Baixa, la Carrasca.
- Benimaclet: Benimaclet, Camí de Vera.
- Rascanya: Orriols, Torrefiel, Sant Llorenç.
- Benicalap: Benicalap, Ciutat Fallera.
- Pobles del Nord: Benifaraig, Poble Nou, Carpesa, Cases de Bàrcena, Mauella, Massarrojos, Borbotó.
- Pobles de l'Oest: Benimàmet, Beniferri.
- Pobles del Sud: Forn d'Alcedo, Castellar-l'Oliveral, Pinedo, el Saler, el Palmar, el Perellonet, la Torre,
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Bandar-bandar kembar
Valencia dikembarkan dengan kota-kota berikut:[11]
Lihat juga
- Kerajaan Valencia
- Taifah Balansiyah
Rujukan
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