The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Ancient Greek and Modern Greek pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. Today, pronunciation of Ancient Greek is mostly based on Erasmian pronunciation. However, native Greek speakers use Modern Greek pronunciations for Ancient Greek words and phrases.
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ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ
See Ancient Greek phonology and Modern Greek phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages.
ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ Consonants, Greekalphabet ...
Consonants |
Greek alphabet | IPA | Examples | English equivalent for Modern Greek |
Anc. | Mod. |
῾ |
h |
∅ |
ἥρως [hɛ̌ːrɔːs], [ˈiros] |
hero (Ancient Greek only) |
β |
b |
v |
βίος [ˈvios] |
vet |
γ |
ɡ |
ɣ |
γάλα [ˈɣala] |
No English equivalent |
ʝ[1] |
γη [ʝi] |
yellow |
δ |
d |
ð |
δῆμος [dɛ̂ːmos], [ðimos] |
then |
ζ |
dz[2] |
z |
ζώνη [ˈzoni] |
zero |
θ |
tʰ |
θ |
θεολογία [θeoloˈʝia] |
thing |
κ |
k |
k |
καλός [kaˈlos] |
sky |
c[1] |
κύκλος [ˈciklos] |
somewhat like key |
λ |
l |
l |
λεξικό [leksiˈko] |
lie |
ʎ[3] |
ελιά [e̞ˈʎa] |
million |
μ |
m |
μηχανικός [mixaniˈkos] |
mine |
ν |
n |
n |
νέος [ˈneos] |
nine |
ɲ[3] |
νιότη [ˈɲoti] |
onion |
ξ |
ks |
ξενοφοβία [ksenofoˈvia] |
tax |
π |
p |
πρόγραμμα [ˈproɣrama] |
spy |
ρ |
r |
r[4] |
ρητορική [ritoriˈci] |
trilled r, as in Italian and Spanish |
ῥ |
r̥[5] |
|
σ[6] |
s |
σύστημα [ˈsistima] |
sea |
τ |
t |
τηλέφωνο [tiˈlefono] |
step |
φ |
pʰ |
f |
φαινόμενο [feˈnomeno] |
fly |
χ |
kʰ |
x |
χάος [ˈxaos] |
loch (Scottish) |
ç[1] |
χειρόγραφος [çiˈroɣrafos] |
(often) human |
ψ |
ps |
ψυχοθεραπεία [psixoθeraˈpia] |
tips |
γγ |
ŋɡ |
ŋɡ, ŋɣ[7] |
αγγούρι [aŋˈɡuri]/συγγραφέας [siŋɣraˈfeas] |
finger |
ɲɟ, ɲʝ[1][7] |
άγγελος [ˈaɲɟelos]/εγγενής [eɲʝeˈnis] |
angel |
γκ |
ŋk |
ɡ, ŋɡ[7] |
εγκώμιο [eŋˈɡomio] |
good, finger |
ɟ, ɲɟ[1][7] |
εγκυκλοπαίδεια [eɲɟikloˈpeðia] |
argue, angular |
γχ |
ŋkʰ |
ŋx[7] |
άγχος [ˈaŋxos] |
often ankh |
ɲç[1][7] |
εγχείριση [eɲˈçirisi] |
sometimes ankhes |
γξ |
ŋks |
ŋks |
έλεγξα [ˈeleŋksa] |
thanks |
μπ |
|
b, mb[7] |
εμπάθεια [emˈbaθia] |
book, amble |
ντ |
|
d, nd[7] |
εντάξει [enˈdaksi] |
duck, under |
τσ |
|
ts |
τσάι [ˈtsai] |
cats |
τζ |
|
dz |
τζαζ [ˈdzaz] |
pads |
|
Vowels |
Greek alphabet | IPA | Examples | English equivalent for Modern Greek |
Anc. | Mod. |
α |
a |
a |
αλφάβητο [alˈfavito] |
tar, spa |
aː |
|
αι |
aj |
e |
|
between bet and bait |
ε |
e |
ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia] |
ει |
eː |
i[8][9] |
ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia] |
seem |
η |
ɛː |
ηθική [iθiˈci] |
ι |
i |
ιστορία [istoˈria] |
iː |
|
υ[10] |
y |
υγιεινή [iʝiiˈni] |
yː |
|
οι |
oj |
οικονομία [ikonoˈmia] |
υι |
uj |
υιός [iˈos] |
ο |
o |
o |
οργανισμός [orɣanizˈmos] |
hope |
ω |
ɔː |
ώρα [ˈora] |
αυ |
aw |
av, af |
αύρα [ˈavra] /αυθεντικός [afθendiˈkos] |
[a] then [v] / [f] |
ευ |
ew |
ev, ef |
ευρώπη [evˈropi] / ευφορία [efoˈria] |
[e̞] then [v] / [f] |
ηυ |
ɛːw |
iv, if |
εφηύρα [eˈfivra] / ηυξημένος [ifksiˈmenos] |
[i] then [v] / [f] |
ου |
oː |
u |
ουτοπία [utoˈpia] |
boot |
Stress and tone |
IPA | Examples | |
Ancient Greek |
á |
|
Acute: High tone on short vowels |
ǎː |
Acute: Rising tone on long vowels and diphthongs |
a |
|
Grave: low tone ([à]) |
âː |
|
Circumflex: Falling tone on long vowels and diphthongs |
Modern Greek |
ˈa |
άλλος [ˈalos] |
Stress mark: placed before the stressed syllable or vowel. Represented in monotonic orthography by tonos. Occurs on one of final three syllables, including any enclitics. |
|
ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ