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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (/ˈniːtʃə/[1] or /ˈnitʃi/;[2] German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːt͡sʃə]; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) wis a German filologist, filosopher, cultural critic, poet an componer that's wark haes exertit a profoond influence on modren intellectual history.[3][4][5][6][7] He begoud his career as a clessical philologist afore turnin tae filosofie. He becam the youngest iver tae hauld the Chair o Clessical Philology at the Varsity o Basel in 1869 at the age o 24.[8] Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade.[9] In 1889 at age 44, he suffered a collapse an efterward, a complete loss o his mental faculties.[10] He leeved his remeenin years in the care o his mither till her daith in 1897 an then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche dee'd in 1900.[11]
Friedrich Nietzsche | |
---|---|
Nietzsche in Basel, c. 1875. | |
Born | Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 15 October 1844 Röcken-bei-Lützen, Kinrick o Prussia |
Dee'd | 25 August 1900 55) Weimar, Saxony, German Empire | (aged
Residence | Germany |
Naitionality | German |
Era | 19t-century filosofie |
Region | Wastren filosofie |
Schuil | Weimar classicism |
Signatur |
Nietzsche's bouk o wark titched a wide range o topics, includin airt, philology, history, releegion, tragedy, cultur, an science. His writin spans filosofical polemics, poetry, cultural creeticism, an feection while displayin a fondness for aphorism an irony.[12] His early inspiration wis drawn frae feegurs sic as Arthur Schopenhauer,[13] Richard Wagner,[13] an Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.[13] Prominent elements o his filosofie include his radical critique o truth in favour o perspectivism; his genealogical critique o releegion an Christian morality an his relatit theory o master–sclave morality;[4][14] his aesthetic affirmation o existence in response tae the "daith o God" an the profoond creesis o nihilism;[4] his notion o the Apollonian an Dionysian; an his chairacterisation o the human subject as the expression o competin wills, collectively unnerstuid as the will tae pouer.[15] He an aw developed influential concepts sic as the Übermensch an the doctrine o eternal return.[16][17] In his later wark, he becam increasinly preoccupied wi the creautive pouers o the individual tae owercome social, cultural an moral contexts in pursuit o new vailyies an aesthetic heal.[7]
Efter his daith, his sister Elisabeth becam the curator an eeditor o Nietzsche's manuscripts, rewirkin his unpublished writins tae fit her awn German naitionalist ideology while eften contradictin or obfuscatin Nietzsche's statit opeenions, that war expleecitly opponed tae antisemitism an naitionalism. Throu her published edeetions, Nietzsche's wark becam associatit wi fascism an Nazism;[18] 20t century scholarts contestit this interpretation o his wark an correctit edeetions o his writins war suin made available. Nietzsche's thocht enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s an his ideas hae syne haed a profoond impact on 20t an early-21st century thinkers athort filosofie—especially in schuils o continental philosophy ic as existentialism, postmodrenism an post-structuralism—as weel as airt, leeteratur, psychology, politics an popular cultur.[5][6][7][19][20]
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