Ferdinand Marcos
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Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (11 September 1917 – 28 September 1989) wis a Filipino politeecian an kleptocrat[2][3][4][5][6][7] that wis Preses o the Philippines frae 1965 tae 1986. He ruled as a dictator[2][8][9][10] unner martial law frae 1972 till 1981.[11] His regime wis infamous for its corruption,[12][13][14][15] extravagance,[16][17][18] an brutality.[19][20][21]
Marcos claimed an active part in Warld War II, includin fechtin alangside the Americans in the Bataan Daith Mairch an bein the "maist decoratit war hero in the Philippines".[22] A nummer o his claims war foond tae be fause[23][24][25][26][27] an the Unitit States Airmy documents descrived Marcos's wartime claims as "fraudulent" an "absurd".[28]
Marcos stairtit as an attorney, then served in the Philippine Hoose o Representatives frae 1949 tae 1959 an the Philippine Senate frae 1959 tae 1965. He wis electit Preses in 1965, an presidit ower a growin economy in the beginnin an intermediate portion o his 20-year rule,[29] but endit in loss o liveliheid, extreme poverty, an a crushin det creesis.[30][31][32] Marcos placed the Philippines unner martial law on 23 September 1972,[33][34][35] during which he revamped the constitution, silenced the media,[36] an uised veeolence an oppression[21] against the poleetical opposeetion,[37] Muslims, communist rebels,[38] an ordinar ceetizens.[39] Martial law wis ratifee'd bi 90.77% o the voters in the Philippine Martial Law referendum, 1973 tho the referendum wis marred wi controversy.[40][41]
Public ootrage led tae the snap elections o 1986. Allegations o mass cheatin, poleetical turmoil, an human richts abuisses led tae the Fowk Pouer Revolution in Februar 1986, that remuived him frae pouer.[42] Tae avoid whit coud hae been a militar confrontation in Manila atween pro- an anti-Marcos truips, Marcos wis advised bi Preses Ronald Reagan throu Senator Paul Laxalt tae "cut an cut cleanly",[43] efter that Marcos fled tae Hawaii.[44] Marcos wis succeedit bi Corazon "Cory" Aquino, widae o the assassinatit opposeetion leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. that haed flown back tae the Philippines tae face Marcos.[42][45][46][47]
Accordin tae soorce documents providit bi the Presidential Commission on Guid Govrenment (PCGG),[48][49][50] the Marcos faimily stole US$5–10 billion.[51] The PCGG an aw mainteened that the Marcos faimily enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, takkin awey billions o dollars[48][50] frae the Philippines[52][53] atween 1965 an 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos, that's excesses in the couple's conjugal dictatorship[54][55][56] made her infamous in her awn richt, spawned the term "Imeldific".[19][57][58][59] Twa o thair childer, Imee Marcos an Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., are still active in Philippine politics.
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References
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