Holodomor

The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомо́р)^[a] wis a man-made faimin in Soviet Ukraine in 1932 an 1933 that killt an offeecially estimate 7 million tae 10 million fowk^[11] (ither estimates range as law as 2.5 million). It wis pairt o the wider Soviet faimin o 1932–33, whilk taen on the major grain-producin auries o the kintra. In the Holodomor, millions o Ukraine indwallers, the feck o whilk wis ethnic Ukrainians, dee'd o stairvation in a pacetime stramash unprecedentit in the history o Ukraine.^[12] Syne 2006, the Holodomor haes been recognised bi Ukraine^[13] an 27 ither kintras (2023) as a genocide o the Ukrainian fowk cairried oot bi the Soviet govrenment.^[14]

Recogneetion o the Holodomor as a genocide:

  Offeecially recognised a an act of genocide

  Offeecially condemned as an act o extermination

  Offeecially not recognised as an act o genocide

Holodomor Голодомор
Stairved paisants on a street in Kharkiv, 1933
Kintra	Soviet Union
Location	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Period	1932–1933
Tot daiths	2.4 million to 7.5 million
Observations	Conseedert genocide bi 16 kintras Conseedert as a creeminal ack o the Stalinist regime bi 6 kintras Conseedert a tragedy or crime agin humanity bi 5 internaitional organisations
Relief	Foreign relief rejectit bi the State. Respectively 176,200 an 325,000 ton o grain fendit bi the State as fuid an seed aids atween Februar an Julie 1933.[1]

Early estimates o the daith towe bi scholars an govrenment offeecials varied greatly.^[15] Accordin tae heicher estimates, up tae 12 million^[16] ethnic Ukrainians wis said tae hae perished as a result o the faimin. A U.N. jynt statement signed bi 25 kintras in 2003 declared that 7-10 million perisht.^[11] Resairch haes syne narraed the estimates tae atween 3.3^[17] an 7.5^[18] million. Accordin tae the findins o the Coort o Appeal o Kiev in 2010, the demografic losses due tae the faimin amoontit tae 10 million, wi 3.9 million direct faimin daiths, an a faur 6.1 million birth deficit.^[19]

Some scholars believes that the faimin wis planned bi Joseph Stalin fur tae eliminate a Ukrainian unthirldom muivement.^[12][20][21] Uisin Holodomor in reference tae the faimin emphasises its man-made aspects, argiein that actions sic as rejection o fremmit aid, sequestration o aw hoosehauld fuidstuffs, an restriction o population muivement confer intent, definin the faimin as genocide; the life loss haes been event wi that o the Holocaust.^{[22][23][24][25]} The causes is still a subjeck o academic debate, an some historians differin its chairacterisation as a genocide.^[26][27]

Notes

1. Kent as "Extermination bi hunger" or "Hunger-extermination" an aw;^[2] derived frae морити голодом, "tae kill bi stairvation"),^[3][4][5] forby kent as the Terror-Faimin an Faimin-Genocide in Ukraine,^[6][7][8] an—afore the widespread uise o the term "Holodomor," as weel as currently still — referred tae as the Great Faimin an aw,^[9] an The Ukrainian Genocide o 1932–33^[10]