Linus Pauling
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Linus Carl Pauling (28 Februar 1901 – 19 August 1994)[4] wis an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, an eddicator. He published mair nor 1,200 papers an beuks, o that aboot 850 dealt wi scienteefic topics.[5] New Scientist cried him one o the 20 greatest scientists o aw time,[6] an as o 2000, he wis rated the 16t maist important scientist in history.[7]
Pauling wis ane o the foonders o the fields o quantum chemistry an molecular biology.[8] His contreibutions tae the theory o the chemical bond include the concept o orbital hybridisation an the first accurate scale o electronegativities o the elements. Pauling an aw wirkit on the structurs o biological molecules, an shawed the importance o the alpha helix an beta sheet in protein seicontar structur. Pauling's approach combined methods an results frae X-ray creestallografie, molecular model biggin an quantum chemistry. His diskiveries inspired the wark o James Watson, Francis Crick, an Rosalind Franklin on the structur o DNA, that in turn made it possible for geneticists tae crack the DNA code o aw organisms.[9]
In his later years he promotit nuclear disairmament, as weel as orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy,[10] an dietar supplements. Nane o the latter hae gained muckle acceptance in the mainstream scienteefic commonty.[6][11]
For his scienteefic work, Pauling wis awairded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. For his peace activism, he wis awairdit the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. He is ane o fower individuals tae hae wan mair nor ane Nobel Prize (the ithers bein Marie Curie, John Bardeen an Frederick Sanger).[12] O thir, he is the anerly person tae hae been awairdit twa unshared Nobel Prizes,[13] an ane o twa fowk to be awairdit Nobel Prizes in different fields, the ither bein Marie Curie.[12]
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