Tonga

Tonga, offeecially Kinrick o Tonga is a Polynesie kintra an airchipelagae comprisin 169 islands, o that 36 are inhabitit.^[1] The tot surface aurie is aboot 750 square kilometre (290 sq mi) scattered ower 700,000 square kilometre (270,000 sq mi) o the soothren Paceefic Ocean. The sovereign state has a population o 100,209 fowk,{{UN Population|re100o that 70% reside on the main island o Tongatapu.

Kinrick o Tonga Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga
Banner Coat o airms
Motto: "Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa" "God an Tonga are ma Inheritance"
Anthem: Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga The Sang o the Keeng o the Tongan Islands
Caipital and largest city	Nukuʻalofa 21°08′S 175°12′W
Offeecial leids	Tongan Inglis
Ethnic groups (2016[1])	96.6% Tongan 1.7% Euronesies 1.0% European 1.0% East Asie
Demonym(s)	Tongan
Govrenment	Unitary pairlamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Keeng Tupou VI
• Prime Meenister	Siaosi Sovaleni
• Assembly Speaker	Fatafehi Fakafanua
Legislatur	Legislative Assembly
Unthirldom
• frae Breetish pertection	4 Juin 1970
Aurie
• Total	748 km2 (289 sq mi) (186th)
• Water (%)	4.0
Population
• 2021 census	100,209[2] (199th)
• Density	139/km2 (360.0/sq mi) (76tha)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$655 million
• Per capita	$6,496[3]
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Tot	$493 million
• Per capita	$4,888[3]
Gini (2015)	37.6[4] medium
HDI (2019)	0.725[5] heich · 104t
Currency	Paʻanga (TOP)
Time zone	UTC+13
	DST nae observed
Drivin side	left
Cawin code	+676
ISO 3166 code	TO
Internet TLD	.to
Based on 2005 figures.

Territorial Organization

Tonga stretches athort approximately 800 kilometre (500 mi) in a north-sooth line. It is surroondit bi Fiji an Wallis an Futuna (Fraunce) tae the northwast, Samoa tae the northeast, Niue tae the east, Kermadec (pairt o New Zealand) tae the soothwast, an New Caledon (Fraunce) an Vanuatu tae the forder wast.

Tonga becam kent in the Wast as the "Freendly Islands" acause o the congenial reception accordit tae Caiptain James Cook on his first vesit in 1773. He arrived at the time o the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation o the First Fruits tae the Tuʻi Tonga (the islands' paramoont chief) an sae received an invitation tae the festivities. Accordin tae the writer William Mariner, the chiefs wantit tae kill Cook in the gaitherin but coud nae gree on a plan.^[6]

Frae 1900 tae 1970, Tonga haed Breetish pertectit state status, wi the Unitit Kinrick leukin efter its furrin affairs unner a Treaty o Freendship. The kintra niver relinquished its sovereignty tae any furrin pouer.^[7] In 2010, Tonga teuk a decisive path taewart acomin a constitutional monarchy raither nor a tradeetional absolute kinrick, efter legislative reforms passed a coorse for the first pairtial representative elections.