Ancient Kangleipak
Civilization belonging to an early period of Meitei history From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ancient Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Kangleipak (Manipur), India, and other neighboring regions.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BC up to the late 19th century AD.[7] It has its earliest evidence of monarchy right from 15th century BC, during the reign of Emperor Tangja Leela Pakhangba (1445 BC-1405 BC).[8][9]
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History
The imperial history of Ancient Kangleipak began with the reign of Tangja Leela Pakhangba in 1445 BC.[8]
The game of polo (Sagol Kangjei) was invented during the reign of King Kangba (1405 BC-1359BC), the successor of Tangja Leela Pakhangba.[10] This remarkable achievement was recorded in many ancient Meitei scriptures including the Kangbalon and the Kangjeirol.[10]
Ancient rulers
There is a genealogy of ten successive foremost rulers in ancient Kangleipak kingdom.[8]
After the reigns of these ten kings, there is a great historical gap, from 1199 BC to 44 BC.[8]
After this, the reign of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa started from 33 AD, with the annexation of the Kangla by the Ningthouja dynasty.
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Geography
The territory of Kangleipak is mountainous and thereby, ancient Kangleipak consists of several smaller region each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity.[4][11]
In fact, there were seven independent kingdoms ruled by the seven clan dynasties in Ancient Kangleipak. These seven principalities had their own capital cities.
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Language
The Ancient Meitei language (early form of the modern Meitei language) had a big collection of Meitei scriptures (Puya (Meitei texts)), of numerous topics, written in the archaic Meitei script.[12][13] One of the oldest scriptures is the Wakoklon Heelel Thilen Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, written in 1398 BC (verified by the National Archives of India, New Delhi).[14]
Culture
Daily life
Most people of ancient Kangleipak were farmers tied to their lands. Their dwellings were restricted to immediate family members.
Architecture
The ancient architectural designs of common houses were believed to be sustainable, eco friendly and affordable. It gives a cooling effect during hot summer and a warming effect during chilling winter.[15]
Religious beliefs
The ancient religion of the indigenous ethnicities of the hills and the plains is the Sanamahism. The abstract concept of the space time entity is the ultimate God creator of the universe.[16] Beliefs in the divine and in the afterlife were ingrained in ancient Kangleipak from its inception. The ancient rulers were based on the divine right of kings.[16]
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Military
Lallup system
Lal-lup system (literally, Lal means war; lup means club or association or organization) was a predominant system in ancient Kangleipak. According to the system, every men of indigenous ethnicity of above 16 years of age was a member.[16]
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