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Appearance | shiny, silvery liquid |
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|
|
| 200.592(3)[1] |
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|
|
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Atomic number (Z) | 80 |
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Group | group 12 |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 |
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Phase at STP | liquid |
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Melting point | 234.3210 K (−38.8290 °C, −37.8922 °F) |
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Boiling point | 629.88 K (356.73 °C, 674.11 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 13.546[2] g/cm3 |
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Triple point | 234.3156 K, 1.65×10−7 kPa |
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Critical point | 1750 K, 172.00 MPa |
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Heat of fusion | 2.29 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 59.11 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 27.983 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
315 |
350 |
393 |
449 |
523 |
629 |
|
|
Oxidation states | −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.00 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 1007.1 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1810 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3300 kJ/mol
-
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 151 pm |
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Covalent radius | 132±5 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 155 pm |
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Spectral lines of mercury |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | rhombohedral |
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Speed of sound | liquid: 1451.4 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 60.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 8.30 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 961 nΩ⋅m (at 25 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | −33.44×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[4] |
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CAS Number | 7439-97-6 |
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Discovery | Ancient Egyptians (before 1500 BCE) |
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Symbol | "Hg": from its Latin name hydrargyrum, itself from Greek hydrárgyros, 'water-silver' |
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Main isotopes[5] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
194Hg |
synth |
444 y |
ε |
194Au |
195Hg |
synth |
9.9 h |
ε |
195Au |
196Hg |
0.15% |
stable |
197Hg |
synth |
64.14 h |
ε |
197Au |
198Hg |
10.0% |
stable |
199Hg |
16.9% |
stable |
200Hg |
23.1% |
stable |
201Hg |
13.2% |
stable |
202Hg |
29.7% |
stable |
203Hg |
synth |
46.612 d |
β− |
203Tl |
204Hg |
6.82% |
stable |
|
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Category: Mercury (element) | references |