Ford Motor Company

"Ford" redirects here. For other uses, see Ford (disambiguation).

The Ford Motor Company (FMC; often known as Ford) is an American multinational automaker, founded on June 16, 1903 by Henry Ford. Ford, which owns the luxury vehicle manufacturer Lincoln, was the second-largest automaker, after General Motors, 1931 to 2004. Formerly, Ford also owned the following brands:

• Mercury (1939–January 2011; discontinued)
• Aston Martin (1987–March 2007)
• Mazda (owned a 33.4 % controlling-stake in Mazda 1996 to November 2008)
• Jaguar (1989–June 2, 2008; sold to Tata Motors)
• Land Rover (May 2000–June 2, 2008; sold to Tata Motors)
• Volvo (1999–2010; sold to Geely)
• Ford Transit (1978 circa - 1988; sold at Greco Franco)

Ford Motor Company

Ford World Headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan
Company type	Public
Traded as	NYSE: F S&P 500 component
Industry	Automotive
Predecessor	Henry Ford Company
Founded	June 16, 1903; 122 years ago (1903-06-16) in Detroit, Michigan, US[1]
Founder	Henry Ford
Headquarters	Ford World Headquarters, Dearborn, Michigan , US
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	William Clay Ford Jr. (executive chairman) Jim Farley (president & CEO)
Products	Automobiles Performance vehicles Luxury vehicles Commercial vehicles Automotive parts
Production output	4.5 million vehicles (2024)
Brands	Ford Lincoln Motorcraft
Services	Automotive finance Vehicle leasing Vehicle service
Revenue	US$185 billion (2024)
Operating income	US$5.22 billion (2024)
Net income	US$5.88 billion (2024)
Total assets	US$285.2 billion (2024)
Total equity	US$44.84 billion (2024)
Owner	Ford family (2% equity; 40% voting power)
Number of employees	171,000 (2024)
Divisions	Ford Blue Ford Model E Ford Pro
Subsidiaries	List International Ford Argentina Ford Australia Ford Brazil Ford Canada Ford Europe Britain France Germany Ireland Italy Otosan (41%) Romania Spain TrustFord Ford India Ford New Zealand Ford Philippines Ford Southern Africa Ford Vietnam (75%) Ford Lio Ho (70%) AutoAlliance Thailand (50%) Changan Ford (35%) Jiangling Motors (32%) Finance Ford Credit Other BlueOval SK Ford Drive Ford Next Ford Performance Latitude AI
Website	ford.com
Footnotes / references [2][3][4]

History

In 1896, Henry Ford had an idea to make a Quadricycle, the first "horseless carriage" he built. This four-wheeled vehicle was very different from cars we drive now. It was very different even from vehicles Ford produced just a few years later. Even so, this was the start of Ford's career as a businessman. Until the Quadricycle, Ford's work had been experimental and theoretical. For example, in the 1890s, Ford built a gas engine on his kitchen table — just an engine with nothing to power. Enough people liked the Quadricycle, and much could be done with the it, so it led to the beginning of Ford's business.

Ford Motor Company started on June 16, 1903, when Henry Ford and 11 business helpers signed papers to form the company. Their first Ford production car, the Model A, was sold in Detroit, Michigan a few months later. (This Model A should not be confused with their more famous Model A, which came out in 1927). With $280,000 (around 165 000 pounds), the early businessmen made what was to become one of the world's largest companies. Few companies changed the history and development of industry and society in the 20th century as much as Ford Motor Company.

Mass production on the line

Ford Motor Company's most important contribution to automotive manufacturing was the (moving) assembly line. First implemented at the Highland Park plant (in Michigan, US) in 1913, this new method let each workers to stay in one place, to do the same job repeatedly as the vehicles went by on the assembly line. The line proved to be very efficient; it helped the company make more cars, and make them cheaper than other car companies could do at the time. Before using the assembly line, Ford made 12,000 Model T's in a year. With the assembly line, Ford could make 12,000 Model T's in just two days. Ford had discovered how to make more cars that more people could afford to buy. He even paid his workers higher salaries than other car companies and still made money.

Early growth

Henry Ford insisted that the company's future lay in the production of affordable cars for a mass market. In 1903, the company began using the first 19 letters of the alphabet to name new cars. In 1908, the Model T was born, and it was sold for 19 years. By selling 15 million Model T's, Ford Motor Company became a giant company which spanned the globe. They built plants in the Soviet Union, Japan and other places. Ford started making farm tractors, trucks and school buses. In 1925, Ford Motor Company bought the Lincoln Motor Company. It uses that name to build luxury cars. In the 1930s, the name "Mercury" was given to its mid-priced cars. Ford Motor Company was growing.

Former production vehicles

1900–1929 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Model A  USA 1903-1904 Model B  USA 1904–1906 Model C  USA 1904–1905 Model F  USA 1905–1906 Model K  USA 1906–1908 Model N / R / S  USA 1906–1909 Model T  USA 1908–1927 Model A (1927)  USA 1927–1931 Trucks Model TT  USA 1925–1927 Model AA  USA 1927–1931

1930–1939 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Model B / BB / 18 / 40  USA 1932–1934 Model Y  UK 1932–1937 Köln  GER 1932–1935 Rheinland  GER 1933–1936 Model 48  USA 1935–1936 Model C Ten  UK 1935–1937 Eifel  GER 1935–1939 Ford CX  UK 1935–1937, UK 1937  USA 1937–1940 7W  UK 1937–1938, UK 7Y  UK 1938–1939, UK Prefect  UK 1938–1961 Anglia  UK 1939–1967 Taunus  GER 1939–1994 Trucks Fordson E83W  UK 1938–1957

1940–1949 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars 1941  USA 1941–1942 1946–1948 Vedette  FRA 1948–1954 Pilot  UK 1947–1951 1949  USA 1949–1951 Custom[n3 1]  USA 1949–1981 Notes Used periodically between 1949 and 1981.

1950–1959 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars 1952  USA 1952–1954 1955  USA 1955–1956 1957  USA 1957–1959 Consul  UK 1951–1962 1972–1975 Country Sedan  USA 1952–1974 Country Squire  USA 1950–1991 Courier  USA 1952–2013 Crestline[n4 1]  USA 1950–1951 Del Rio  USA 1957–1958 Escort (100E)  UK 1955–1961 Fairlane  USA 1955–1970 Galaxie  USA 1959–1974[n4 2] Mainline  USA 1952–1956 Parklane  USA 1956 Popular  UK 1953–1962 Ranchero  USA 1957–1979 Squire  UK 1955–1959 Thunderbird  USA 1955–1997 2002–2005 Versailles  FRA 1954–1957 Zephyr  UK 1950–1971 Trucks C Series[n4 3]  USA 1957–1990 FK  GER 1951–1961 Notes (1952–1954 as independent model; 1950–1951 as Custom submodel). Production years in North America; 1964-1968, Australia; 1967-1983, Brazil. Medium-duty COE truck.

1960–1969 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars 1960  USA 1960–1964 Falcon  USA 1960–1970 Falcon  AUS 1960–2016 E-Series / Econoline  USA 1961–2014 Cortina  UK 1962–1982 Fairlane Thunderbolt[n5 1]  USA 1964 GT40  USA 1964–1969 Corsair [n5 2]  UK 1964–1970 LTD  USA 1965–1986 Fairmont  AUS 1965-2008 P7  GER 1967-1972 Fairlane  AUS 1967–2007 Torino  USA 1968–1976 Capri (coupe)[n5 3]  EU 1968–1986 Corcel  BR 1968–1986 Escort [n5 4]  EU 1968–2000 Trucks N-Series  USA 1962–1969 D-Series  UK 1965-1981 W-Series  USA 1966–1977 Notes Limited production car. Produced 1989–1992 in Australia. There was another "Ford Capri" in Australia, launched in 1989. This was the version produced and marketed in Latin America.

1970–1979 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Maverick  USA 1970–1979 Pinto  USA 1971–1980 P100[n6 1]  ZAF 1971–1993 Granada  GER 1972–1994 Landau  BRA 1971–1983 Landau  AUS 1973–1976 Elite[n6 2]  USA 1974–1976 Granada  USA 1975–1982 Fiesta  EU 1976–2023 Fairmont  USA 1978–1983 Durango  USA 1979–1982 Vans Econovan / Spectron[n6 3]  JPN 1977–1999 Trucks L-Series  USA 1970–1998 Transcontinental  EU 1975-1984 CL-Series  USA 1978-1991 Notes Ford Cortina pickup. Produced first in South Africa, then in Portugal. Initially, Elite a luxury version of the Gran Torino model, then an own model. A rebadged Mazda Bongo.

1980–1989 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Capri  AUS 1989–1994 Del Rey  BRA 1981–1991 Escort  USA 1981–2003 EXP  USA 1982–1988 Festiva[n7 1]  JPN 1988–1992 Laser[n7 2]  JPN 1980–2003 LTD Crown Victoria  USA 1980–1991 Orion  EU 1983–1993 Probe  USA 1989–1997 RS200  EU 1984–1986 Scorpio  GER 1985–1999 Sierra[n7 3]  GER 1982–1992 Telstar  JPN 1983–1999 Taurus  USA 1985–2019 Tempo  USA 1984–1994 Verona[n7 4]  BRA 1989–2000 SUVs Maverick[n7 5]  JPN 1988–1994 Bronco II  USA 1984–1990 Vans Aerostar  USA 1986–1997 Trucks Cargo  USA 1982–2019 N-Series[n7 6]  JPN 1982–1997 Bantam  ZAF 1983–2011 Pronto [n7 7]  TWN 1985–2007 Notes A rebadged Mazda 121. Sold in Asia and Oceania, also named "Meteor". Also sold as the Azura in some markets. Also "Volkswagen Apollo", produced by AutoLatina. A rebadged Nissan Patrol in Australia. Rebadged Hino Ranger for the Australian market. A rebadged Suzuki Carry only for Taiwan.

1990–1999 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Aspire  USA 1993–1997 Contour[n8 1]  USA 1995–2000 Cougar [n8 2]  EU 1999–2002 Crown Victoria  USA 1992–2011 Ka  EU 1996–2021 Puma (coupe)  EU 1997–2002 Ikon[n8 3]  IND 1999–2015 Focus  USA 1998–2020 SUVs Raider[n8 4]  JPN 1991-1997 Maverick[n8 5]  JPN 1993–1999 Explorer  USA 1994–2003 Vans / minivans Freda [n8 6]  JPN 1995 Galaxy  EU 1995–2023 Windstar  USA 1995–2003 Notes The Mondeo first generation in USA. Rebadged Mercury Cougar in USA. Marketed as "Fiesta" sedan version in South America. A rebadged Mazda B series in Australia. A rebadged Nissan Terrano II. A rebadged Mazda Bongo.

2000–2009 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Activa[n9 1]  JPN 2003 GT  US 2004–2022 Five Hundred  USA 2005–2007 Fusion  USA 2006–2020 SUVs Excursion  USA 2000–2005 Escape[n9 2]  USA 2001–2008 EcoSport  IND  BRA 2003–2022 Territory  AUS 2004–2016 Freestyle  USA 2005–2007 Taurus X  USA 2008–2009 Flex  USA 2009–2019 Minivans Fusion  EU 2002–2012 i-Max[n9 3]  JPN 2007–2011 C-Max[n9 4]  EU 2003–2019 Freestar  USA 2003–2007 S-Max  EU 2006–2023 Trucks / pickups Explorer Sport Trac  USA 2001–2010 LCF [n9 5]  USA 2006–2009 Notes A rebadged Mazda Familia. Marketed as "Maverick" in Europe and China. A rebadged Mazda Premacy, marketed in some Asian countries. Also called "Focus C-Max". for "Low Cab Forward".

2010–2019 Name Orig. Produced Image Cars Escort  China 2015–2023 Focus Electric  USA 2012–2019 Figo[n10 1]  IND 2010–2021 Taurus  China 2015–2022 Minivans B-Max  EU 2012–2017 Grand C-Max  EU 2010–2019 C-Max  USA 2013–2019 Notes It had a crossover variant called "Freestyle".

Current production vehicles

Body style	Model			Current generation			Vehicle description
	Image	Name(s)	Introduction (cal. year)	Introduction (cal. year)	Facelift	Main markets
Hatchback		Focus	1998	2018	2021	Europe	C-segment / small family compact hatchback predominantly sold in Europe. Expected to be discontinued in 2025.
Sedan		Mondeo/ Taurus	1992	2022	—	China and Middle East	D-segment/Large family/mid-size sedan and liftback currently marketed in China. Marketed as the Taurus in the Middle East.
Station wagon		Focus	1998	2018	2021	Europe	Station wagon version of the Focus.
Sports car		Mustang	1964	2022	–	Global	Long-running pony/muscle car. Available in coupé and convertible body styles.
SUV/ crossover		Bronco	1965	2020	—	Americas, Europe and Middle East	Off-road oriented mid-size body-on-frame SUV. Available in three-door and five-door configurations.
		Bronco Sport	2020	2020	—	Americas and Middle East	Retro-styled compact crossover SUV using the Bronco nameplate.
		Capri EV	2024	2024	—	Europe	Battery electric C-segment/compact crossover for the European market, based on the Volkswagen Group MEB platform.
		Edge	2006	2023	—	China	D-segment/Mid-size crossover marketed in China and manufactured by Changan Ford.
		Equator	2021	2021	2024	China	Three-row mid-size crossover marketed in China and manufactured by JMC-Ford.
		Escape	2000	2019	2022	Americas, Europe, Australasia	C-segment/compact crossover SUV marketed globally. Escape (global nameplate) and Kuga (Europe) was a separate model up to 2012 when the model was merged. Hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrains are optional.
		Kuga	2008
		Everest	2003	2022	—	Asia-Pacific, Africa and Middle East	Mid-size body-on-frame SUV based on the Ranger.
		Expedition	1996	2025	—	Americas and Middle East	Full-size body-on-frame SUV. Also available with a longer body variant called the Expedition Max.
		Explorer	1990	2019	2022	Americas, Europe, Middle East and Asia	Three-row mid-size crossover SUV. Also available as a police fleet vehicle called the Police Interceptor Utility. Hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrains are optional.
		Explorer EV	2024	2024	—	Europe	Battery electric compact crossover for the European market, based on the Volkswagen Group MEB platform.
		Mondeo Sport	2021	2021	—	China	Low-slung mid-size crossover marketed in China and manufactured by Changan Ford. Marketed as the Ford Evos before 2024.
		Mustang Mach-E	2020	2020	—	Global	Battery electric compact crossover using the Mustang nameplate.
		Puma	2019	2019	2024	Europe and Australasia	B-segment/subcompact crossover SUV based on the Fiesta marketed in Europe and Australasia.
		Territory / Equator Sport	2018	2022	2024	Asia, Africa, Middle East and South America	Compact crossover SUV manufactured by JMC-Ford joint venture in China, and exported to emerging countries.
Pickup truck		F-Series	1948	2020	2023	Americas and Middle East	Full-size pickup truck mainly marketed in North America. Historically the best-selling vehicle in the United States (since 1977) and Canada. Line-up includes the F-150 pickup, F-250 through F-450 Super Duty heavy duty pickups. F-450/550 Super Duty class 4-5 trucks and F-650/750 Super Duty class 6-8 trucks are commercial chassis and cab vehicles.
		F-150 Lightning	2022	2022	—	North America and others	Battery electric version of the fourteenth-generation Ford F-150.
		Ranger	1981	2022	–	Global	Mid-size pickup truck sold globally. Available in single cab (except North America), space cab, and double cab configurations.
		Maverick	2021	2021	—	Americas	Compact pickup truck sold in North America and South America. Based on a front-wheel-drive unibody platform shared with the Escape and Bronco Sport.
		Transit	1965	2013	2020	Europe and Australasia	Pickup version of the Transit van.
MPV/ minivan		Tourneo Courier	2014	2022	—	Europe	Passenger version of the Transit Courier.
		Tourneo Connect	2002	2021	—	Europe	Three-Row Compact MPV. Rebadged Volkswagen Caddy.
		Tourneo Custom	2012	2022	—	Europe	Passenger version of the Transit Custom marketed in Europe.
Van		Transit Courier	2014	2023	—	Europe and others	Small van based on Fiesta platform mainly marketed in Europe. Available as a four-door or five-door van. The passenger-focused leisure activity vehicle version is called the Tourneo Courier.
		Transit Connect	2002	2022	—	Europe and others	Compact van based on Focus platform mainly marketed in Europe and North America. Available as a four-door or five-door van. The passenger-focused leisure activity vehicle version is called the Tourneo Connect.
		Transit Custom	2012	2022	—	Europe and others	Mid-size van mainly marketed in Europe, Australasia and China. Available as a four-door or five-door van. The passenger-focused leisure activity vehicle version is called the Tourneo Custom. A campervan version is called the Transit Custom Nugget.
		Transit	1965	2013	2020	Global	Full-size, rear-wheel-drive van. Available as a cargo van, passenger van, chassis cab, and cutaway van.
Heavy commercial vehicles		F-MAX	2018	2018	—	Europe	Heavy-duty truck developed and manufactured by Ford Otosan in Turkey. Sold in China as the JMC Weilong HV5.
		Transit Cutaway	1965	2013	2020	Europe, North America and others	Cutaway version of the Transit van.
		E-Series Cutaway	1975	1992	2021	North America	A cutaway version of the E-Series.
		F-Series	1948	2015	2020	North America	Commercial medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks derived from the smaller F-Series pickup trucks.
		Super Duty	1999	2023	—	North America	Chassis-cab versions of the Super Duty pickups.