Khartoum

Khartoum or Khartum (/kɑːrˈtuːm/ kar-TOOM;^[5][6] Arabic: الخرطوم, romanized: Al-Khurṭūm) is the capital city of Sudan. It is also Sudan's largest city. It is where the Blue Nile and main Nile come together. Its name means "elephant tusk". Two other cities nearby are Omdurman and Khartoum North.

Khartoum الخرطوم
Capital city
From top: Night View of Khartoum, Khartoum Mosque, the University of Khartoum, and the El Mek Nimr Bridge.
Seal
Nickname:  "Triangular Capital"
Khartoum Location in Sudan and Africa Show map of Sudan Khartoum Khartoum (Arab world) Show map of Arab world Khartoum Khartoum (Africa) Show map of Africa
Coordinates: 15°30′2″N 32°33′36″E[1]
Country	Sudan
State	Khartoum
Area [2]
• Capital city	1,010 km2 (390 sq mi)
Elevation [1]	381 m (1,250 ft)
Population  (urban 2021, all others 2013)[3][4]
• Capital city	639,598
• Urban	6,017,000
• Metro	5,274,321
Demonyms	Khartoumese, Khartoumian (the latter more properly designates a Mesolithic archaeological stratum)
Time zone	UTC+2 (CAT)

Khartoum has a hot desert climate (BWh in the Koeppen climate classification).

Climate

Khartoum has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). It is very dry in the winter. This is normal in the Saharo-Sahelian zone. The climate is very dry for most of the year. In eight months of the year, the average rainfall is less than 5 mm (0.20 in) of rain.

In August, there is a little bit of rain. The most amount of rainfall in this month is about 48 mm (1.9 in). The rainy season is usually windy. The average amount of rainfall is very low. There is only 121.3 mm (4.78 in) of precipitation on average in a year. The highest temperatures usually are during two main parts of the year. The first is in the late dry season when the temperatures are usually above 40 °C (104 °F) from April to June. The second is in the early dry season. Here, the average highs are above 39 °C (102 °F) in September and October. Temperatures are usually colder in the night. The lowest average low temperature in the year in January is just above 15 °C (59 °F). Khartoum is one of the hottest major cities on Earth. It has an annual mean temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). In most months, the monthly average temperatures doesn't get below 30 °C (86 °F). This is usually not seen in any other majors cities with hot desert climates like Riyadh, Baghdad and Phoenix.^[7]

Climate data for Khartoum (1971–2000)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	39.7 (103.5)	42.5 (108.5)	45.2 (113.4)	46.2 (115.2)	46.8 (116.2)	46.3 (115.3)	44.5 (112.1)	43.5 (110.3)	44.0 (111.2)	43.0 (109.4)	41.0 (105.8)	39.0 (102.2)	46.8 (116.2)
Average high °C (°F)	30.7 (87.3)	32.6 (90.7)	36.5 (97.7)	40.4 (104.7)	41.9 (107.4)	41.3 (106.3)	38.5 (101.3)	37.6 (99.7)	38.7 (101.7)	39.3 (102.7)	35.2 (95.4)	31.7 (89.1)	37.0 (98.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	23.2 (73.8)	25.0 (77.0)	28.7 (83.7)	31.9 (89.4)	34.5 (94.1)	34.3 (93.7)	32.1 (89.8)	31.5 (88.7)	32.5 (90.5)	32.4 (90.3)	28.1 (82.6)	24.5 (76.1)	29.9 (85.8)
Average low °C (°F)	15.6 (60.1)	16.8 (62.2)	20.3 (68.5)	24.1 (75.4)	27.3 (81.1)	27.6 (81.7)	26.2 (79.2)	25.6 (78.1)	26.3 (79.3)	25.9 (78.6)	21.0 (69.8)	17.0 (62.6)	22.8 (73.0)
Record low °C (°F)	8.0 (46.4)	8.6 (47.5)	12.6 (54.7)	12.7 (54.9)	18.5 (65.3)	20.2 (68.4)	17.8 (64.0)	18.0 (64.4)	17.7 (63.9)	17.5 (63.5)	11.0 (51.8)	6.2 (43.2)	6.2 (43.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.00)	0.0 (0.0)	3.9 (0.15)	4.2 (0.17)	29.6 (1.17)	48.3 (1.90)	26.7 (1.05)	7.8 (0.31)	0.7 (0.03)	0.0 (0.0)	121.3 (4.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.9	0.9	4.0	4.2	3.4	1.2	0.0	0.0	14.7
Average relative humidity (%)	27	22	17	16	19	28	43	49	40	28	27	30	29
Mean monthly sunshine hours	316.2	296.6	316.2	318.0	310.0	279.0	269.7	272.8	273.0	306.9	303.0	319.3	3,580.7
Mean daily sunshine hours	10.2	10.5	10.2	10.6	10.0	9.3	8.7	8.8	8.1	9.9	10.1	10.3	9.8
Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation,[8] NOAA (extremes and humidity 1961–1990)[9]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[10]

Demographics

Year	Population
	City	Metropolitan area
1907[11]	69,349	n.a.
1956	93,100	245,800
1973	333,906	748,300
1983	476,218	1,340,646
1993	947,483	2,919,773
2008 Census Preliminary	3,639,598	5,274,321

Almost 250,000 Syrians lived in Khartoum in 2019, representing 5% of all of the people in the city. Most of the population are young men who have fled war in Syria. Sudan was the only country in the world to accept travelers that has a Syrian passport but didn't have a visa.^[12]

List of Governors Khartoum

c.1837 * Khartoum a province of Egyptian Sudan.

Governors c.1837 - 1861 ....

• 1861 - 1863 Muhammad Rasikh Bey (b. c.1834 - d. 1883)
• 1863 - 1877 ....

1877 Mustafa Bey Murad

• 1877 Muhammad Ma'ani Bey Governors (d. 1881)
• 1877 - 1878 `Uthman Rifiq Pasha (b. 1839 - d. 1886)
• 1878 Busati Bey Madani (b. 1850 - d. 1883)

• Feb 1991 - Feb 1994 Mohammed Saeed
• Feb 1994 - Dec 1997 Badr al-Din Taha
• Dec 1997 - Feb 2001 Majdhub al-Khalifa
• Feb 2001 - 8 May 2009 Abd al-Halim Ismail al-Muta'afi
• 8 May 2009 - Jun 2015 Abdul-Rahman Al-Khidir
• Jun 2015 - 22 Feb 2019 Abdul-Rahim Mohamed Hussein
• 24 Feb 2019 - 16 Apr 2019 Hashim Osman al-Hussein
• 16 Apr 2019 - 18 Jun 2019 Murtadha Abdalla Warraq
• 18 Jun 2019 - 16 Apr 2020 Ahmed Abdoun Hammad
• 16 Apr 2020 - 2020 Youssef Adam Aldai (acting)
• 27 Jul 2020 - 2022 Ayman Khaled Nimer
• 2022 - 2022 Javed Khan King
• 1 Mar 2022 - Ahmed Osman Hamza

Related pages

• 2023 Sudan conflict