List of Kurdish states, dynasties and countries

This is a list of Kurdish dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. By the 10th century, the term "Kurd" did not have an ethnic connotation and referred to Iranian nomads in the region between Lake Van and Lake Urmia. In Arabic medieval sources, "Kurd" referred non-Persian and non-Turkish nomads and semi-nomads.

Except for the Kurdish languages, some ethnic Kurds speak Zaza and Gorani languages.^[1]

Early entities

Territory of Ayyubid dynasty in 1193

• Sadakiyans (770–827)
• Daysam (938–955)^[2][3]
• Shaddadids (951–1199)^[4][5][6][7]
• Rawwadids (955–1071) – They were Arab origin, later Kurdicized.^[7]
• Hasanuyids (959–1014)^[6]
• Marwanids (983–1096)^[8][6][7]
• Annazids (990/991–1117)^[9][6]
• Fadlawayh (11th century–12th century)^[10]
• Hazaraspids (1115–1425)^[11]
• Ayyubids (1171–1260)^[12][a]
• Principality of Bitlis (1187–1847)
• Vassaldom of Ardalan (14th century–1865 or 1868)
• Emirate of Çemişgezek (13th century–1663)
• Germiyan Beylik (1300–1429) – Mixed Turkish and Kurdish origin.^[14]
• Mukriyan (14th century–19th century)
• Zarrinnaal Dynasty (1448–1925)
• Emirate of Pazooka (1499–1587)
• Safavid dynasty (1501–1736)^[15]
• Principality of Suleyman (15th century–1838)
• Emirate of Soran (before 1514–1836)
• Emirate of Miks (?–1846)

Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty (13th century–19th century)

Kurdish entities circa 1835

• Emirate of Bingöl (1231–1864)
• Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524)
• Emirate of Kilis
• Emirate of Şirvan (?–1840s)
• Emirate of Hakkâri (before 1380s–1845)
• Principality of Zirqan (1335–1835)
• Emirate of Bahdinan (1339–1843)^[16]
• Emirate of Bohtan (?–1833)
• Principality of Mahmudi (1406–1839)
• Principality of Pinyaşi (1548–1823)

Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia (13th century–19th century)

• Emirate of Pazooka (1499–1587)
• Emirate of Soran (before 1514–1836)
• Principality of Suleyman (15th century–1838)
• Emirate of Şirvan (?–1840s)
• Principality of Baban (16th century–1850)^[17]
• Principality of Pinyaşi (1548–1823)
• Sarab Khanate (?–1747)
• Khoy Khanate (?–1799)
• Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799)

20th–21st century entities

• Kingdom of Kurdistan (1918–1924/1925)
• Kurdistan Uyezd (1923-1929)
• Republic of Ararat (1927–1931)
• Republic of Mahabad (1946)
• Republic of Laçin (1992)
• Islamic Emirate of Byara (2001–2003)

Present-day

Autonomous

There are two autonomous regions established by the Kurds. The first one is the Kurdistan Regional Government, which was established as a result of the initiatives of the Iraqi Kurds and is the only officially recognised Kurdish administration today. The second region is the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, which the Syrian Kurds unilaterally declared first as autonomous cantons and then as a federation in the regions they captured during the Syrian Civil War.

Autonomy	Flag	Map	Years	Part of	Area
Kurdistan Region			1992	Iraq	46,862 km2
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria			2013	Syria (de facto)	50,000 km2