Most distant things

This article lists the most distant things known to us, all of which are galaxies or energy sources inside galaxies. Their distances are described in two ways. redshift = z, and billion light years (Gly).

Composite image of five galaxies clustered together just 600 million years after the Big Bang.^[1]

As of 2012, there are only about 50 possible objects z=8 or farther, and another 100 z=7 candidates.^[2] Candidates vary in their notability,^[2] so not everything is included here. 1 Gly = 1 billion light-years = 10⁹ ly.

Examples of the most distant things

Name	Redshift (z)	Distance (Gly)	Type	Notes
F200DB-045	z = 20.4	13.725	Galaxy
JADES-GS-z14-0	z = 14.32		Galaxy
HD1	z = 13.27	13.579	Galaxy
JADES-GS-z13-0	z = 13.20	13.576	Galaxy or dark star	Possibly a dark star.
GN-z11	z = 10.6034	13.39	Galaxy	Confirmed galaxy[3]
EGSY8p7	z = 8.68	13.23	Galaxy	Confirmed galaxy[4]
EGSY8p7 Star 22	z = 8.68	13.23	Star	A yellow hypergiant and is the most distant known star.
GRB 090423	z = 8.2	13.18	Gamma-ray burst	[5][6]
EGS-zs8-1	z = 7.73	13.13	Galaxy	Confirmed galaxy[7]
z7 GSD 3811	z = 7.66	13.11	Galaxy	galaxy[8]
z8 GND 5296	z≅ 7.51	13.1	Galaxy	Note the discrepancy between distance and red-shift.[9]
UDFj-39546284	z≅11.9	13.37	Protogalaxy	This is a protogalaxy.[10][11]
MACS0647-JD	z≅10.8	13.3	Galaxy or protogalaxy	Candidate most distant galaxy.[12][13]
MACS J1149-JD	z≅9.6	13.2[14]	Galaxy or protogalaxy	[15]
GRB 090429B	z≅9.4	13.14 [16]	Gamma-ray burst/progenitor/remnant	[17]
UDFy-33436598	z≅8.6		Galaxy or protogalaxy	[18]
GRB 090423	z≅8.2	13.035	Gamma-ray burst/progenitor/remnant	[19]
BoRG-58	z≅8		Cluster or protocluster	Protocluster candidate [20]
A1689-zD1	z≅7.6	13	Galaxy or protogalaxy	Galaxy [21]
SXDF-NB1006-2	z≅7.215	12.91	Galaxy or protogalaxy	Galaxy [22][23]
GN-108036	z≅7.213	12.91	Galaxy or protogalaxy	Galaxy[23][24]
BDF-3299	z=7.109	12.9	Galaxy or protogalaxy, spectroscopic redshift.	Vanzella et al. (2011), ApJ,730,35
ULAS J1120+0641	z≅7.085	12.9 [25]	Quasar	[26]
A1703 zD6	z≅7.045	12.89	Galaxy or protogalaxy	[23]
BDF-521	z=7.008	12.89	Galaxy or protogalaxy, spectroscopic redshift.	Vanzella et al. (2011), ApJ,730,35
IOK-1	z≅6.964	12.88	Galaxy or protogalaxy	[23]
LAE J095950.99+021219.1	z≅6.944		Galaxy or protogalaxy	Lyman-alpha emitter—Faint Galaxy[27]
PSO J172.3556+18.7734	z = 6.82		Quasar (Astrophysical jet)
Earendel	z = 6.2		Star	Blue hypergiant.

• UDFy-38135539 is the furthest confirmed object (spectroscopically analysed) at 13.1 Gly.

Related pages

Hubble looking into the past.

• Galaxy
• List of galaxies
• IC 1101: the largest known galaxy, with about 100 trillion stars.^[28][29]