Ninette de Valois

Dame Ninette de Valois OM CH DBE FRAD FISTD (6 June 1898 – 8 March 2001) was an Irish-born British dancer, teacher, choreographer and director of classical ballet.

Dame Ninette de Valois OM CH DBE
Ninette de Valois in 1974
Born	Edris Stannus (1898-06-06)6 June 1898 County Wicklow, Ireland
Died	8 March 2001(2001-03-08) (aged 102) Barnes, London, England
Nationality	Irish
Citizenship	British
Education	Lila Field Academy for Children Edouard Espinosa Enrico Cecchetti Nicholas Legat
Occupation(s)	Ballet dancer and teacher Choreographer Company Director
Years active	1900s–90s
Organization(s)	The Royal Ballet Birmingham Royal Ballet Royal Ballet School
Known for	Ballet
Notable work	Job (Choreographer) Checkmate (Choreographer)
Title	Founder & Artistic Director
Term	1931–1963 (Royal Ballet)
Predecessor	None (Founder)
Successor	Sir Frederick Ashton
Spouse	Arthur Connell
Awards	Laurence Olivier Award 1992

Statue of Madame opposite the Bow Street entrance of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden

Most notably, she danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, reaching the rank of soloist. After Diaghilev's death she established what became The Royal Ballet. This became one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and one of the leading ballet companies in the world today. She also established the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the Royal Ballet School. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the 'godmother' of English ballet.^[1][2][3]

Career

Before de Valois there had been no permanent ballet company in London, though there were a few quality dance schools which offered shows from time to time. The company which became the Royal Ballet started as the Vic-Wells Ballet, founded by de Valois in 1931. It had Anton Dolin as its Guest dancer. In 1933 the company was joined by Alicia Markova, who was appointed prima ballerina. At this point de Valois retired as a stage performer, and continued as Director. Her reputation was now made as an organiser and teacher. She was also a choreographer, with a number of ballets to her credit. Her ballet Checkmate is still danced today.

'Madame', as she was called by everyone, attracted great talents to the company. She engaged Frederick Ashton as Principal Choreographer and Constant Lambert as Musical Director, in 1935.^[3] Tamara Karsavina was a dance advisor. Eventually the company included many of the most famous ballet dancers in the world, including Margot Fonteyn, Svetlana Beriosova, and, most sensationally, Rudolf Nureyev.

As a manager, she had a fearsome reputation. She would stand for no misbehaviour, or for anything which stood in the way of the dance. One younger dancer said:

"She could be absolutely terrifying and I count it as one of the blessings of my life that I never saw that side of her... The dragon manner was business. Outside of that she was the most witty, delightful, intelligent and informed of companions".^[4]

The Vic-Wells was given a Royal Charter in 1956, and became the Royal Ballet. Madame was its first Director. She retired from the Royal Ballet in 1963, but was a big influence for years. She was appointed a Companion of Honour, and awarded the Order of Merit. Madame died at the age of 102 in 2001.