Oryol

For other uses, see Oryol (disambiguation).

Oryol or Orel (Russian: Орёл, IPA: [ɐˈrʲɵl], lit. eagle), also known as Oriol,^[6] is the largest city in and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast. It is on the Oka River, around 368 kilometers (229 mi) south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District and the Central Economic Region.

Oryol Орёл
City
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Oryol
Oryol Location of Oryol Show map of Russia Oryol Oryol (Oryol Oblast) Show map of Oryol Oblast
Coordinates: 52°58′07″N 36°04′10″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Oryol Oblast
Founded	1566
Government
• Mayor	Yuri Parakhin[1]
Area [2]
• Total	121.21 km2 (46.80 sq mi)
Elevation	170 m (560 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[3]
• Total	317,747
• Estimate  (2021)	303,696
• Rank	57th in 2010
• Density	2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of oblast significance of Oryol
• Capital of	Oryol Oblast, city of oblast significance of Oryol
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Oryol Urban Okrug
• Capital of	Oryol Urban Okrug, Orlovsky Municipal District
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [4])
Postal code(s)[5]	302000–302999
Dialing code(s)	+7 4862
OKTMO ID	54701000001
City Day	August 5
Twin towns	Razgrad, Offenbach am Main, Kaluga, Kolpino, Kolpinsky District, Novosibirsk, Volokolamsky District, Žodzina, Novi Sad, Maribor, Penza, Brest, Nokia
Website	www.orel-adm.ru

History

Oryol was a fortress town in Russia for several centuries. It was looted by Polish forces in 1611 and 1615. It was rebuilt in 1636. The fortress was taken apart in the 18th century.

During WW2, the city was almost fully destroyed during Operation Kutuzov.

Geography

Oryol is on the banks of the Oka River and its tributary the Orlik river. It is in the Central Russian Upland of the East European Plain.

Climate

Oryol has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). It has cold winters and warm summers.

Climate data for Oryol (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	7.0 (44.6)	9.4 (48.9)	19.3 (66.7)	29.0 (84.2)	32.8 (91.0)	35.4 (95.7)	38.7 (101.7)	39.5 (103.1)	31.3 (88.3)	26.3 (79.3)	17.5 (63.5)	9.7 (49.5)	39.5 (103.1)
Average high °C (°F)	−3.6 (25.5)	−2.8 (27.0)	3.0 (37.4)	12.9 (55.2)	20.1 (68.2)	23.5 (74.3)	25.6 (78.1)	24.6 (76.3)	18.2 (64.8)	10.5 (50.9)	2.5 (36.5)	−2.1 (28.2)	11.0 (51.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−6.1 (21.0)	−5.8 (21.6)	−0.8 (30.6)	7.6 (45.7)	14.3 (57.7)	17.9 (64.2)	19.8 (67.6)	18.5 (65.3)	12.7 (54.9)	6.4 (43.5)	0.0 (32.0)	−4.3 (24.3)	6.7 (44.1)
Average low °C (°F)	−8.7 (16.3)	−8.9 (16.0)	−4.3 (24.3)	2.8 (37.0)	8.7 (47.7)	12.4 (54.3)	14.5 (58.1)	12.9 (55.2)	8.0 (46.4)	3.0 (37.4)	−2.2 (28.0)	−6.7 (19.9)	2.6 (36.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−35.4 (−31.7)	−37.2 (−35.0)	−37.8 (−36.0)	−17.2 (1.0)	−5 (23)	−0.4 (31.3)	3.9 (39.0)	−2.2 (28.0)	−5 (23)	−13 (9)	−26.4 (−15.5)	−35 (−31)	−37.8 (−36.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	46 (1.8)	41 (1.6)	39 (1.5)	40 (1.6)	50 (2.0)	69 (2.7)	87 (3.4)	54 (2.1)	57 (2.2)	56 (2.2)	44 (1.7)	47 (1.9)	630 (24.8)
Average rainy days	6	5	8	13	14	15	15	12	15	14	11	8	136
Average snowy days	23	21	14	4	0.4	0	0	0	0.3	3	13	22	101
Average relative humidity (%)	84	82	77	68	64	71	72	72	78	82	87	86	77
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[7]

Demographics

Oryol population

1897 Census	70 000
1926 Census	76 000
1939 Census	110 564
1959 Census	151 521
1970 Census	232 216
1979 Census	304 971
1989 Census	336 862
2002 Census	333 310
2010 Census	317 747
Estimate 2021	303 696

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.

Largest ethnic groups in 2010:

• Russians (96,8%)
• Ukrainians (1,1%)
• Armenians (0,4%)
• Belarusians (0,3%)
• Azerbaijanis (0,2%)
• Tatars (0,1%)
• Jews (0,1%)

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Oryol State Academic Theater

Oryol is twinned with:^[8]

• Razgrad, Bulgaria (1968)
• Offenbach am Main, Germany (1988)
• Leeuwarden, The Netherlands (1990-2002)
• Zhodzina, Belarus (2016)
• Mary, Turkmenistan (2017)^[9]

Partner cities

• Kaluga, Russia (2003)
• Kolpino, Russia (2010)
• Kolpinsky District, Russia (2010)
• Novosibirsk, Russia (2014)
• Volokolamsky District, Russia (2014)
• Novi Sad, Serbia (2017)
• Maribor, Slovenia (2017)
• Penza, Russia (2018)