Sulaalada Walashma

Sulaalada Walashma (Af Ingiriis : Walashma dynasty) waxay ahayd Sulaalad Somaliyeed^[1] oo Muslim ahaa taasi oo ka talin jirtey Geeska Afrika 1197-1577. Sida lagu sheegay buugaag wakhti hore la qoray, waxay maamuli jireen Saldanadii Awfat iyo Barr Sa'ad al Din kuwaasi oo uga talin jirey dhulka maanta loo yaqaano Soomaalya, Jabuuti, Itoobiya, Eretareya iyo Suudaan.^[2]

Asalka

Boqorkii ugu horeeyey ee boqortooyadu waxu ahaa Cumar Walasma. Sheekh Yusuf al Kawneyn oo loo yaqaano Aw Barkhadle ayaa ka mid ah awoowayaashisii.^[3] Abtirsiintiisa waxaa lagu qoray kutub badan oo mid ka mid ah la odhan jiray "Tarik al Muluk" :

"Cumar ibn Dunya'xuur ibn Axmed ibn Maxamed ibn Xameed ibn Maxamuud ibn Yusuf Barkhadle.."^[4]

Sida qabiilada somaliyeed intooda badan, reer Walashma waxay ku abtirsiin jireen Akil ibn Abi Dhaalib waxayna ahaayeen Banuu Xaashem.^[5][6] Qowmiyadda Argobbada iyo Hararida ee Itoobiya ku nool oo Xabeshida kamid ah ayaa sheegata boqortooyada Walashma balse taariikhyahannadu waxay dhawaan ogaadeen in uusan jirin wax xiriir ah oo ka dhexeeya dadka reer Awfat berigi dhexe iyo dadka Xabeshida.^[7]

Luuqada

Boqorradii Walashma waxay ku hadli jireen Af Carabiga^[8] iyo Af Soomaaliga.

Eray Abtir

Magaca Walashma wuxuu ka yimid Carabiga "Wali' Asma"; Wali macnahiisu waa taliye amba maamulka,^[9][10] 'asma'na waxay la macno tahay sare.^[11] Markaa macnaha Wali' Asma waa taliyaha ugu sarreeya. Taariikhyahan Carbeed ee al Qalqashandi ayaa sheegay in hogaamiye kasta oo Muslim ah oo ka taliya Geeska Afrika (marka laga reebo Banaadiriga) uu garwaaqsan yahay sarraynta Awfat, boqorrada Walashma ayaa awood ku lahaa dhammaan boqorradaas muslimiinta ah :

".. Arrimahoodana isagay u taallo. Dhammaantood waxay ku heshiiyeen in la weyneeyo Suldaanka Awfaat oo ay u hoggaansameen.."^[12]

Saldanadii Awfaat

Qarnigii 13-aad Cumar Walashma iyo reerkiisii waxay ka soo hayaameen dhulka Soomaali-bariga ah oo ay u guureen gobollada Galbeedka halkaas oo ay degeen gobol la odhan jiray Awfaat oo u dhexeeya Shewa iyo Awdal.^[13] Suldhaan Cumar wuxuu bilaabay qabshashadii Boqortooyadii ugu xooga badnayd muslimiinta Geeska Afrika oo ahayd Saldanada Shewa dhamaadkii sanadkii 1276 balse wuxuu dhintay waxyar kadib, wiilkiisa Cali aya markaas noqday boqorkii Awfaat oo dhameeyay dagaalkaas. Suldaan Cali waxa kale oo uu qabsaday gobollo badan oo muslimiin ah sida Hubat, Mura iyo Awdal, ganacsiga dekedda Saylac ee Awdal ayaa boqortooyada ka dhigay mid taajir ah.^[14]

Taariikhyahan Al-Makrizi waxuu sheegay in Boqorkii Xabashida Sayf Caraad uu soo weeraray Awfaat oo uu ka adkaaday Suldaan Qaat Cali oo uu boqortooyo dhawr iyo toban sano xukumayay qarnigii 14aad.^[15] Xaaqul Diin II oo uu awoow u ahaa ayaa ahaa qofkii ugu horeeyay ee bilaabay jihaadka ka dhanka ah Xabashida, kana xoreeyay maamulkooda. Boqortooyadu waxay ku dhammaatay walaalkiisi oo la odhan jiray Sacad Al-diin oo ay Xabashidu Saylac ku dileen bilowgii qarnigii 15-aad, wiilashiisa waxay u qaxeen Yaman oo ay dib ugu soo noqdeen Siyaara si ay ula dagaallamaan Xabashida.^[16]

Suldhaanadii Awfaat

	Magaaca	Reign[17]	Note
1	Suldhaan ʿUmar bin Dunya-Xuuri	1197–1276	Aasaasihii sulaalada, magaciisa kale wuxuu ahaa "Adūnyo" amba "Wilinwīl". Wuxuu bilaabay Qabshashadii Saldanadii Shewa ee uu wiilkiisu dhameeyay. Sheekha Yuusuf al-Kowneyn waa awoowihiisa 5aad.
2	Suldhaan ʿAli "Basiye" Naḥwi bin Cumar	1276–1295	InaankaʿCumar bin Dunya-Xuur, wuxuu dhameeyay Qabashadii Shewa oo uu gubay caasimadoodii taas oo soo afjartay Saldanadii Shewa. Wuxuu kaloo qabsaday gobolka Awdal.
3	Suldhaan Xuusayn bin Cumar	1295–1300	Inaankii Cumar bin Dunya-Xuuri, wax badan lagama yaqaano mamuulkiisa.
4	Suldhaan Nasr Al-Diin bin Cali	1300–1307	Inaankii Cali bin Cumar, wax badan lagama yaqaano mamuulkiisa.
5	Suldhaan Jamal Al-Diin bin Cali	12??–12??	Inaankii Cali bin Cumar, .
6	Sulṭān Mansur ʿAli	12??–12??	Son of ʿAli "Baziyu" ʿUmar
7	Sulṭān Jamal Al-Diin ʿAli	12??–12??	Son of ʿAli "Baziyu" ʿUmar
8	Sulṭān Abūd JamaladDīn	12??–12??	Son of JamaladDīn ʿAli
9	Sulṭān Zubēr Abūd	12??–13??	Son of Abūd JamaladDīn
10	Māti Layla Abūd	13??–13??	Daughter of Abūd JamaladDīn
11	Sulṭān ḤaqqudDīn Naḥwi	13??–1328	Son of Naḥwi Mansur, grandson of Mansur ʿUmar
12	Sulṭān SabiradDīn Maḥamed "Waqōyi" Naḥwi	1328–1332	Son of Naḥwi Mansur, defeated by Emperor Amde Seyon of Abyssinia, who replaced him with his brother JamaladDīn as a vassal.
13	Sulṭān JamaladDīn Naḥwi	1332–13??	Son of Naḥwi Mansur, vassal king under Amde Seyon
14	Sulṭān NasradDīn Naḥwi	13??–13??	Son of Naḥwi Mansur, vassal king under Amde Seyon
15	Sulṭān "Qāt" ʿAli SabiradDīn Maḥamed	13??–13??	Son of SabiradDīn Maḥamed Naḥwi, rebelled against Emperor Newaya Krestos after the death of Amde Seyon, but the rebellion failed and he was replaced with his brother Aḥmed
16	Sulṭān Aḥmed "Harbi Arʿēd" ʿAli	13??–13??	Son of ʿAli SabiradDīn Maḥamed, accepted the role of vassal and did not continue to rebel against Newaya Krestos, and is subsequently regarded very poorly by Muslim historians
17	Sulṭān Ḥaqquddīn Aḥmed	13??–1374	Son of Aḥmed ʿAli
18	Sulṭān SaʿadadDīn Aḥmed	1374–1403	Son of Aḥmed ʿAli, killed in the Abyssinian invasion of Ifat under Dawit I or Yeshaq I[lower-alpha 1]

Sidoo kale fiiri

• Saldanadii Cadal
• Saldanadii Iftar
• Saldanadii Ajuuraan