Bocho (Scorpaeniformes)

Mabocho ni spishi za samaki za familia 15 za nusuoda Scorpaenoidei katika oda Scorpaeniformes zinazopatikana katika bahari zote za dunia na pengine katika maji baridi. Spishi za familia Plectrogeniidae na Triglidae huitwa mnuvi kama spishi za nusuoda Platycephaloidei. Mabocho hawa sio samaki washawishi kama samaki wa oda Lophiiformes waitwao mabocho pia.

Bocho
Bocho au mbevu mwekundu (Scorpaena scrofa)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama) Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Nusufaila: Vertebrata (Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo) Ngeli: Actinopterygii (Samaki walio na mapezi yenye tindi) Oda: Scorpaeniformes (Samaki kama mabocho) Nusuoda: Scorpaenoidei (Mabocho)
Ngazi za chini
Familia 14 na spishi >1000, 48 katika Afrika ya Mashariki: Apistidae Kaup, 1873 Aploactinidae Jordan & Starks, 1904 Caracanthidae Congiopodidae T.N. Gill, 1889 Eschmeyeridae Poss & V. G. Springer, 1983 Gnathanacanthidae Bleeker, 1855 Neosebastidae Ishida, 1994 Pataecidae T.N. Gill, 1872 Perryenidae Whitley, 1940 Scorpaenidae Risso, 1826 Sebastidae Kaup, 1873 Setarchidae Ishida, 1994 Synanceiidae Kaup, 1873 Tetrarogidae J.L.B. Smith, 1949

Mabocho wengi wanaishi kwenye sakafu ya bahari kwa vina vya m makumi hadi mamia na hata mpaka zaidi m 3000. Spishi hizi hukaa kwa kawaida katikati ya miamba ambapo zinangoja mpaka mbuawa anakuja karibu kisha kummeza haraka sana. Huitwa mbevu, shinda-dovu au mbera pia. Spishi nyingine huogelea polepole na kuvamia mbuawa. Hizi huitwa chale, kisheshe au mchafe kwa kawaida.

Mabocho ni wagwizi ambao hujilisha hususan kwa gegereka na samaki wadogo. Spishi nyingi huishi kwenye sakafu ya bahari katika maji kame, ingawa spishi kadhaa hujulikana kutoka maji ya kina kikubwa na kadirifu na hata kutoka kwenye maji baridi. Kwa kawaida huwa na kichwa chenye miiba na mapeziubavu na pezimkia yaliyoviringana. Takriban spishi zote zina urefu wa chini ya sm 30, lakini ukubwa kamili wa oda hutofautiana kutoka samaki-mahameli, ambao wanaweza kuwa na urefu wa sm 2 tu wakiwa wapevu, mpaka mnuvi-tondi, ambaye anaweza kufikia urefu wa sm 150.

Spishi za Afrika ya Mashariki

• Ablabys binotatus, Mbevu Mwekundu (Redskinfish)
• Apistus carinatus, Chale Madoa-macho (Ocellated waspfish)
• Caracanthus madagascariensis, Mbevu Madoadoa (Spotted croucher)
• Caracanthus unipinna, Mbevu Kibete (Pygmy coral croucher)
• Cocotropus monacanthus, Mbevu Ngozi-rough (Roughskin scorpionfish)
• Choridactylus multibarbus, Bocho milia-machungwa (Orange-banded stingfish)
• Dendrochirus biocellatus, Chale Madoa-mawili (Twospot turkeyfish)
• Dendrochirus brachypterus, Chale Mapezi-mafupi (Shortfin turkeyfish)
• Dendrochirus hemprichi, Chale Mdogo wa Bahari ya Shamu (Red Sea dwarf lionfish)
• Dendrochirus zebra, Chale Milia (Zebra turkeyfish)
• Inimicus filamentosus, Bocho Miiba-miwili (Two-stick stingfish)
• Minous coccineus, Bocho Mwiba-mmoja (One-stick stingfish)
• Minous monodactylus, Bocho Kijivu (Grey stingfish)
• Neocentropogon profundus, Mbevu ??? (??? waspfish)
• Parascorpaena mcadamsi, Mbevu wa McAdams (McAdams's scorpionfish)
• Parascorpaena mossambica, Mbevu wa Msumbiji (Mozambique scorpionfish)
• Pterois antennata, Chale Mapezi-madoa (Spotfin lionfish)
• Pterois miles, Chale Shetani (Devil firefish)
• Pterois mombasae, Chale Mapezi-marinda (Frillfin turkeyfish)
• Pterois radiata, Chale Fataka (Clearfin lionfish)
• Pterois russelii, Chale Askari (Plaintail turkeyfish)
• Pterois volitans, Chale Mwekundu (Red lionfish)
• Richardsonichthys leucogaster, Chale Uso-mweupe (Whiteface waspfish)
• Scorpaena scrofa, Mbevu Mwekundu (Red scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes albaiensis, Mbevu Vidole-virefu (Long-fingered scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes corallinus, Mbevu ??? (??? scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes evides, Mbevu Mashavu-doa (Cheekspot scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes guamensis, Mbevu wa Guam (Guam scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes hirsutus, Mbevu Manyoya (Hairy scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes kelloggi, Mbevu wa Kellogg (Kellogg's scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes minor, Mbevu Mdogo (Minor scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes tribulosus, Mbevu ??? (??? scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenodes varipinnis, Mbevu Mapezi-mabaka (Blotchfin scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis barbata, Mbevu Ndevu (Bearded scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis cottipes, Mbevu Kichwa-mnuvi (Sculpin scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis diabolus, Mbevu Shetani (False stonefish)
• Scorpaenopsis gibbosa, Mbevu Kibyongo (Humpbacked scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis oxycephala, Mbevu Shada (Tasseled scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis possi, Mbevu wa Possi (Poss's scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis rubrimarginata, Mbevu ??? (??? scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis venosa, Mbevu-tumbawe (Raggy scorpionfish)
• Scorpaenopsis vittapinna, Mbevu Mapezi-milia (Bandfin scorpionfish)
• Sebastapistes cyanostigma, Mbevu Mabaka-njano (Yellow-spotted scorpionfish)
• Sebastapistes mauritiana, Mbevu Mwiba-baka (Spineblotch scorpionfish)
• Sebastapistes strongia, Mbevu wa Barchin (Barchin scorpionfish)
• Setarches guentheri, Mbevu-miamba (Channeled rockfish)
• Synanceia verrucosa, Bocho Jiwe (Reef stonefish)
• Taenianotus triacanthus, Mbevu Karatasi (Leaf scorpionfish)

Picha

• 
  Chale madoa-macho
• 
  Mbevu madoadoa
• 
  Mbevu kibete
• 
  Chale madoa-mawili
• 
  Chale mapezi-mafupi
• 
  Chale milia
• 
  Bocho miiba-miwili
• 
  Chale mapezi-madoa
• 
  Chale shetani
• 
  Chale mapezi-marinda
• 
  Chale fataka
• 
  Chale askari
• 
  Chale mwekundu
• 
  Chale uso-mweupe
• 
  Mbevu mashavu-doa
• 
  Mbevu ndevu
• 
  Mbevu kichwa-mnuvi
• 
  Mbevu shetani
• 
  Mbevu kibyongo
• 
  Mbevu shada
• 
  Mbevu-tumbawe
• 
  Mbevu mabaka-njano
• 
  Mbevu mwiba-baka
• 
  Mbevu wa Barchin
• 
  Mbevu-miamba
• 
  Bocho Jiwe
• 
  Mbevu karatasi

Marejeo

• Rashid Anam & Edoardo Mostarda (2012) Field identification guide for the living marine resources of Kenya. FAO, Rome.
• Gabriella Bianchi (1985) Field guide to the commercial marine brackish-water species of Tanzania. FAO, Rome.

Viungo vya nje

• Mabocho kwenye hifadhidata ya samaki Ilihifadhiwa 28 Mei 2019 kwenye Wayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu mnyama fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Bocho (Scorpaeniformes) kama uainishaji wake wa kibiolojia, maisha au uenezi wake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.