Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 12 November 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 February 2021; "alchemy". Oxford Dictionaries | English. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 23 December 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 September 2018.
Pereira, Michela (2018). "Alchemy". ใน Craig, Edward (บ.ก.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-Q001-1. ISBN978-0-415-25069-6. Alchemy is the quest for an agent of material perfection, produced through a creative activity (opus), in which humans and nature collaborate. It exists in many cultures (China, India, Islam; in the Western world since Hellenistic times) under different specifications: aiming at the production of gold and/or other perfect substances from baser ones, or of the elixir that prolongs life, or even of life itself. Because of its purpose, the alchemists' quest is always strictly linked to the religious doctrine of redemption current in each civilization where alchemy is practised. In the Western world alchemy presented itself at its advent as a sacred art. But when, after a long detour via Byzantium and Islamic culture, it came back again to Europe in the twelfth century, adepts designated themselves philosophers. Since then alchemy has confronted natural philosophy for several centuries.
On the ancient definitions of alchemy in ancient Greek and Syriac texts see Matteo Martelli. 2014. "The Alchemical Art of Dyeing: The Fourfold Division of Alchemy and the Enochian Tradition", In: Dupré S. (eds) Laboratories of Art, Springer, Cham.
Burnett, Charles; Moureau, Sébastien, บ.ก. (2022). A Cultural History Of Chemistry in the Middle Ages. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN978-1-4742-9454-6. (focus on technical aspects)
Halleux, Robert (1979). Les textes alchimiques. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN978-2-503-36032-4.
Joly, Bernard (2013). Histoire de l'alchimie. Paris: Vuibert-Adapt. ISBN978-2-311-01248-4. (general overview)
Martelli, Matteo (2019). L'alchimista antico: Dall'Egitto greco-romano a Bisanzio. Milano: Editrice Bibliografica. ISBN978-88-7075-979-2. (Greek and Byzantine alchemy)
Moran, Bruce, บ.ก. (2022). A Cultural History Of Chemistry in the Early Modern Age. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN978-1-4742-9459-1. (focus on technical aspects)
Multhauf, Robert P. (1966). The Origins of Chemistry. London: Oldbourne. OCLC977570829.
Nicolaïdis, Efthymios, บ.ก. (2018). Greek Alchemy from Late Antiquity to Early Modernity. De Diversis Artibus. Vol.104. Turnhout: Brepols. doi:10.1484/M.DDA-EB.5.116173. ISBN978-2-503-58191-0. (Greek and Byzantine alchemy)
Partington, James R. (1970) [1961]. A History of Chemistry. Volume 1, Part I. London: Macmillan. ISBN978-0-333-03490-3. (the second part of volume 1 was never published; the other volumes deal with the modern period and are not relevant for alchemy)
Pereira, Michela (2001). Arcana Sapienza: Storia dell'alchimia occidentale dalle origini a Jung. Rome: Carocci. ISBN978-88-430-9647-3. (general overview, focus on esoteric aspects)
Principe, Lawrence M. (2013). The Secrets of Alchemy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-10379-2. (general overview, written in a highly accessible style)
Viano, Cristina, บ.ก. (2005). L'alchimie et ses racines philosophiques. La tradition grecque et la tradition arabe. Paris: Vrin. ISBN978-2-7116-1754-8.
André-Jean Festugière, La Révélation d'Hermès Trismégiste, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2014 (ISBN978-2-251-32674-0, OCLC 897235256).
Robert Halleux and Henri-Dominique Saffrey (eds.), Les alchimistes grecs, t. 1: Papyrus de Leyde – Papyrus de Stockholm – Recettes, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1981.
Michèle Mertens and Henri-Dominique Saffrey (ed.), Les alchimistes grecs, t. 4.1: Zosime de Panopolis. Mémoires authentiques, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1995.
Andrée Collinet and Henri-Dominique Saffrey (ed.), Les alchimistes grecs, t. 10: L'Anonyme de Zuretti ou l'Art sacré and divin de la chrysopée par un anonyme, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2000.
Andrée Collinet (ed), Les alchimistes grecs, t. 11: Recettes alchimiques (Par. Gr. 2419; Holkhamicus 109) – Cosmas le Hiéromoine – Chrysopée, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2000.
Matteo Martelli (ed), The Four Books of Pseudo-Democritus, Maney Publishing, 2014.
งานวิจัย
Dylan M. Burns, " μίξεώς τινι τέχνῃ κρείττονι: Alchemical Metaphor in the Paraphrase of Shem (NHC VII,1) ", Aries 15 (2015), p.79–106.
Alberto Camplani, " Procedimenti magico-alchemici e discorso filosofico ermetico " in Giuliana Lanata (ed.), Il Tardoantico alle soglie del Duemila, ETS, 2000, p.73–98.
Alberto Camplani and Marco Zambon, " Il sacrificio come problema in alcune correnti filosofice di età imperiale ", Annali di storia dell'esegesi 19 (2002), p.59–99.
Régine Charron and Louis Painchaud, " 'God is a Dyer,' The Background and Significance of a Puzzling Motif in the Coptic Gospel According to Philip (CG II, 3), Le Muséon 114 (2001), p. 41-50.
Régine Charron, " The Apocryphon of John (NHC II,1) and the Greco-Egyptian Alchemical Literature ", Vigiliae Christinae 59 (2005), p. 438-456.
Philippe Derchain, "L'Atelier des Orfèvres à Dendara et les origines de l'alchimie," Chronique d'Égypte, vol. 65, no 130, 1990, p. 219–242.
Korshi Dosoo, " A History of the Theban Magical Library ", Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 53 (2016), p.251–274.
Sergio Knipe, " Sacrifice and self-transformation in the alchemical writings of Zosimus of Panopolis ", in Christopher Kelly, Richard Flower, Michael Stuart Williams (eds.), Unclassical Traditions. Volume II: Perspectives from East and West in Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p.59–69.
Kyle A. Fraser, " Zosimos of Panopolis and the Book of Enoch: Alchemy as Forbidden Knowledge ", Aries 4.2 (2004), p.125–147.
Kyle A. Fraser, " Baptized in Gnosis: The Spiritual Alchemy of Zosimos of Panopolis ", Dionysius 25 (2007), p.33–54.
Kyle A. Fraser, " Distilling Nature's Secrets: The Sacred Art of Alchemy ", in John Scarborough and Paul Keyser (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, 2018, p.721–742. 2018. .
Shannon Grimes, Becoming Gold: Zosimos of Panopolis and the Alchemical Arts in Roman Egypt, Auckland, Rubedo Press, 2018, ISBN978-0-473-40775-9
Paul T. Keyser, " Greco-Roman Alchemy and Coins of Imitation Silver ", American Journal of Numismatics 7–8 (1995–1996), p.209–234.
Paul Keyser, " The Longue Durée of Alchemy ", in John Scarborough and Paul Keyser (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, 2018, p.409–430.
Jean Letrouit, "Chronologie des alchimistes grecs," in Didier Kahn and Sylvain Matton, Alchimie: art, histoire et mythes, SEHA-Archè, 1995, p. 11–93.
Lindsay, Jack. The Origins of Alchemy in Greco-Roman Egypt. Barnes & Noble, 1970.
Paul Magdalino and Maria Mavroudi (eds.), The Occult Sciences in Byzantium, La Pomme d'or, 2006.
Martelli, Matteo (2014). "The Alchemical Art of Dyeing: The Fourfold Division of Alchemy and the Enochian Tradition". Laboratories of Art. Archimedes. Vol.37. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp.1–22. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05065-2_1. ISBN978-3-319-05064-5.
Matteo Martelli, " Alchemy, Medicine and Religion: Zosimus of Panopolis and the Egyptian Priests ", Religion in the Roman Empire 3.2 (2017), p.202–220.
Daniel Stolzenberg, " Unpropitious Tinctures: Alchemy, Astrology & Gnosis According to Zosimos of Panopolis ", Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences 49 (1999), p.3–31.
Cristina Viano, " Byzantine Alchemy, or the Era of Systematization ", in John Scarborough and Paul Keyser (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, 2018, p.943–964.
Vlachou, C.; McDonnell, J.G.; Janaway, R.C. (2002). "Experimental investigation of silvering in late Roman coinage". MRS Proceedings. 712. doi:10.1557/PROC-712-II9.2. ISSN0272-9172.
ช่วงต้นสมัยใหม่
Principe, Lawrence and William Newman. Alchemy Tried in the Fire: Starkey, Boyle, and the Fate of Helmontian Chymistry. University of Chicago Press, 2002.