Yukren

Ukrein i wanpela kantri long Yurop. Em i bikpela kantri tru long Yurop wantaim populesen bilong samting olsem 30 milien, we ol i save mekim tok ples bilong en long tok ples Yukren na Rasia olsem namba tu tok ples bilong en bikos long taim bilong ol koloni bipo.

Dispela pes i wetim riviu bilong wanpela man i save toktok gut long Tok Pisin. This page is awaiting review by a fluent speaker of Tok Pisin.

Ukraine Україна Ukraina
Singsing: Ще не вмерла України ні слава, ні воля  (Ukrainian) Shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny ni slava, ni volya  (transliteration) Ukraine's glory has not yet perished, nor her freedom
Location of  Yukren  (orange) on the European continent  (white) Location of  Yukren  (orange) on the European continent  (white)
Kapitol (and largest city)		Kaiv (Kyiv) 50°27′N 30°30′E
Tokples bilong gavman		Tok Yukren
Gavman		Semi-presidential system
-	President	Volodymyr Zelensky
-	Prime Minister	Yulia Svyrydenko
Independence		from the Soviet Union
-	Declared	August 24 1991
-	Finalized	December 25 1991
Hekte
-	Olgeta	603,628 km2 (44th) 233,090 sq mi
-	Wara (%)	7%
Manmeri
-	2007 estimate	46,490,400 (27th)
-	2001 census	48,457,102
-	Densiti	78/km2 (115th) 199/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 estimate
-	Olgeta	$355.8 billion (28th)
-	Long wanwan manmeri	$8,059 (86th)
GDP (nominal)		2006 estimate
-	Olgeta	$81.53 billion (53rd)
-	Long wanwan manmeri	$1,760 (108th)
Gini (2003)		28.1 (low)
HDI (2004)		0.774 (medium) (77th)
Karansi		Hryvnia (UAH)
Taim hap		EET (UTC+2)
-	Sama (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Intanet kod		.ua
Telefon kod		380

Histori

Midel Ejes

Long 7th-9th senturi, ol lain bilong Is Slavik i bin sindaun long dispela hap, na ol i bin lusim hap bilong Yukren bilong nau na i go long hap wes bilong Rasia bilong nau. Long taim bilong ol Midel Ejes, graun bilong tupela kantri i stap insait long wanpela stet tasol, na kapital bilong en em Kyiv.Long 12 senseri, Kievan Rus i stat long bruk bruk i go long ol narapela narapela kantri. Long 12 senseri, Yuri Dolgoruky, namba 6 pikinini man bilong Kiev prins Volodymyr Monomakh, i no bin kisim sia king na long dispela as em i kirap long kisim ol kantri long not-is^[1].

Ol lain Slavik bilong Yurop long 9 senseri

Olsem na, long namel bilong 12 senseri, ol lain Slavik i painim ol yet long ol graun bilong Sentral Rasia. Pastaim long ol i kamap, ol lain klostu long ol Finns bilong nau i bin stap long hap bilong Moscow, we Dolgoruky i bin kirapim olsem wanpela liklik setelmen. Wanpela pait i kamap namel long Principality bilong Vladimir-Suzdal (sentral Russia) na Kyiv, we i mekim ol i bruk long Kyivan Rus'[6.Bihain long Batu i kam insait long kantri long 1240, lida bilong ol noten prins, Alexander Nevsky, i kamap adoptim pikinini man bilong Batu, na Alexander i insait long pait long sait bilong Horde na dispela i mekim na pikinini man bilong em Daniil, husat i gat 16 krismas, i kamap namba wan prins bilong Moscow, na dispela i kamapim divelopmen bilong Rasia bilong nau. Narapela bikpela siti long Rasia bilong nau em Veliky Novgorod, we i save pait wantaim Moscow na Moscow i bin daunim em long 1478 tasol.

Ol pipel bilong bihain taim bilong Yukren na Belarus i bin lusim ol Rasia bilong bipo long 14 senseri na kamap hap bilong Grand Duchy bilong Lithuania (inap long 18 senseri, tupela pipel i bin stap wantaim, tude ol tok ples bilong Yukren na Belarus i wankain 84 pesen).Long pinis bilong 15 senseri, Golden Horde i bruk i go long Crimean Khanate, Astrakhan na Kazan Khanates, na Muscovite Stet, we i bin wok long paitim ol poroman na neiba bilong en bipo, moa yet egensim Grand Duchy bilong Lithuania.Planti taim ol pait i save kamap long siti bilong Smolensk (bipo em i rijon bilong Belarus). Ol manmeri bilong Rasia i bin kamap long ol lain bilong Is Slavik na ol i bin kamapim wanpela seperet nesen long taim bilong Muscovite stet ^[2][3][4][5].

Nupela taim

Long 15th-16th senseri, ol i bin kamapim ol bikpela lain bilong Yukren - ol Zaporizhian Cossacks, ol soldia husat i save lukautim ol pipel long ol neiba i no ken kam insait long ol.

Wanpela bilong ol monumen bilong Bogdan Khmelnitski - lida bilong ol Ukrainian Cossacks, nesenel hiro na lida bilong liberesen woa bilong 1648-1654.

Ol Rasia bilong nau i bin kam long ol graun bilong Yukren long 17 senseri, na long taim bilong pait bilong ol Yukren long kisim indipendens na sakim pait bilong ol Polan aninit long lidasip bilong Bohdan Khmelnytsky, ol i bin mekim wanpela kontrak wantaim Rasia long 1654.

Ol i no bin kaunim ol manmeri bilong Yukren olsem ol sitisen bilong ol na ol i save salim ol, wantaim ol narapela lain bilong Yukren, ol Cossack na ol man bilong gaden, i go long wok insait long Rasia, na dispela i brukim kontrak bilong 1654. (10,000 manmeri bilong Yukren i bin dai long wanem as ol i no save long en taim ol i wokim Lagoga Canal) ^[6][7]

Dispela i mekim na long 1708 wanpela pait i kamap, we Ivan Mazepa i go pas long en, na em i brukim wok bung wantaim Rasia na askim Sweden long lukautim em^[8].

Valuev ká ibere

Long 1775, Rasia i bagarapim ol Kosak bilong Yukren na strongpela banis bilong ol long Sich, na dispela i mekim na planti manmeri bilong Yukren i kamap wokboi nating na kamap Rasia Rasia i daunim tok ples na kalsa bilong Yukren. Wanpela eksampel bilong dispela kain polisi em Emsky Dikri (tok ras. Эмский указ) na tok orait bilong Minista bilong Intenel Afes bilong Rasia Piotr Valuev (tok ras.: Валуевский циркуляр), we i tambuim ol sitisen bilong Yukren long yusim tok ples bilong ol yet^[9].

Histri i no long taim i go pinis

1914 Empera Nicholas Namba 2 i tambuim selebresen bilong 100 yia bilong bon bilong biknem man bilong raitim buk bilong Yukren, Taras Shevchenko, insait long Gavman bilong Rasia ^[10]

Posta bilong pait namel long Soviet na Yukren

Long stat bilong 1917, Februeri Revolusen we Alexander Kerenski i go pas long en i daunim kingdom na mekim Rasia i kamap wanpela ripablik, na i givim sans long planti lain we bipo ol i bin daunim ol long pait long kisim fridom bilong ol ^{[11] [12]}.

Bihain long em i kisim pawa long pinis bilong 1917, Lenin i tokaut long pait namel long ol manmeri insait long teritori bilong bipo Ripablik bilong Rasia, we i gat pait bilong 1917-1921 tu. namel long Yukren Pipels Ripablik na Soviet Rasia, we i mekim na Yukren i bruk namel long Polan na Rasia (kirap long 1922, Soviet Yunion) Kantri tu i kisim bikpela bagarap long Red Teror^[13].

Long 1932-1933, Soviet gavman aninit long Joseph Stalin i bin mekim Holodomor (hangre), we planti kantri long wol i luksave olsem em i kilim i dai ol pipel bilong Yukren na i bin kilim inap 10 milien pipel^[14].

Long 1937, NKVD (bihain ol i senisim nem bilong en i go long USSR Ministri bilong Intenel Afes) i bin sutim planti bilong ol saveman bilong Yukren, ol manmeri bilong kalsa na saiens, na hait ol i planim bodi bilong ol long Bykivnyan Forest, we ol i bin sanapim wanpela monumen bihain long USSR i pundaun ^[15]..

Musium bilong Holodomor na ol Represen long Kyiv

Long 1941-1945, ol Natsi i kisim olgeta hap bilong kantri, na kilim i dai olgeta 5-pela manmeri bilong Yukren.

Long 1960s-1980s, Soviet gavman i bin mekim ol wok bilong daunim ol manmeri i no wanbel wantaim ol, na salim ol i go long kalabus na putim ol long ol haus sik bilong ol sik bilong tingting, na nambawan biknem man bilong Yukren i no wanbel long gavman em Vasyl Stus^{[16] [17]}.

Long 1985-1991, Soviet Yunion i pundaun, na long Ogas 24, 1991, Yukren i tokaut long indipendens.

Woa bilong Rasia egensim Yukren

Bihain long namba tri tem bilong Vladimir Putin, we i bin kamap long pawa long 2012, Rasia i bin statim wanpela bikpela wok bilong daunim fridom bilong toktok, na bikpela keis bilong dispela em wanpela mangi bilong siti bilong Ufa husat ol i bin salim em i go long wanpela 'juvenile detention center' bikos em i bin plen long bagarapim Kremlin long wanpela kompyuta gem. Na tu, bihain liklik long em i kisim pawa, em i stat long bungim ol soldia i go long fran lain long is bilong Yukren.

Na tu, long 2012, Putin i kirapim wanpela bikpela pait bilong givim infomesen egensim Yukren. Long stap yet long pawa, Presiden bilong Yukren long dispela taim, Viktor Yanukovych, i bin singautim Putin long salim ol soldia na go insait long Yukren long 2013, na dispela i bin kirapim wanpela samting ol i kolim Euromaidan o Revolusen bilong Digniti.

Ol soldia bilong Rasia i bagarapim ples balus long Donetsk, 2014

Long Februeri 20, 2014, taim Yanukovych i stap long Kyiv, Rasia i stat long kisim Crimean Peninsula long sauten Yukren, na long Epril 12, 2014. Long Epril 12, 2014, bihain long Yanukovych i ranawe, Rasia i kirapim pait long is bilong Yukren taim ol bikpela ami we ofisa bilong Sekyuriti Sevis bilong Rasia, Igor Girkin, i go pas long ol i kam pait long siti bilong Slovyansk. Long Epril 13, Yukren i kirapim wanpela ATO (anti-teroris operesen) long stopim pait bilong Rasia^{[18] [19][20][21]}.

Inap long 2022, Rasia, long rot bilong "Donetsk People's Republic", i bin kirapim wanpela hait pait egensim Yukren, we long 2022 i bin kamap wanpela bikpela pait. Long 2022, planti protes egensim woa i bin kamap long olgeta hap bilong Rasia, we ol sekyuriti sevis i bin daunim^{[22] [23] [24] [25]}.

Long Yukren, Rasia i wok long mekim ol bikpela woa kraim, olsem sutim ol bom long ol ples we ol manmeri i save stap long en, bagarapim olgeta siti olsem Mariupol, na mekim nogut long ol sivilien bikos ol i sapotim Yukren, na tu, givim pen long ol basement bilong ol bilding we ol manmeri i stap long en long Kherson. Bikpela asua tru egensim ol sivilien long Yukren em i sut long Bucha, we ol i bin mekim long mun Mas 2022^[26].^[27].

Ol i salim wanpela tenk bilong Rasia wantaim mak Z i go long Yukren

Insait long ol teritori we ol i bin kisim, ol Rasia i bin stat long bagarapim ol buk na nius long tok ples Yukren long ol skul, ol musium, na ol laibreri we i no bihainim ol standet bilong Rasia, na ol i bin kamapim wanpela sistem bilong ol "filtresen" kem we ol i bin kalabusim na givim pen long ol sivilien^{[28] [29] [30]}.

Atikol bilong politikel saientis bilong Rasia, Timofey Sergeytsev, "Rasia i mas mekim wanem long Yukren?" (Templet:Lang-ru) Man bilong raitim histori bilong Amerika, Timothy Snyder, i kolim dispela buk olsem "teksbuk bilong Rasia long pasin bilong kilim i dai planti manmeri."^{[31] [32]}.

Turis

• 
  historikel senta bilong Kyiv
• 
  historikal senta bilong Lviv
• 
  wanpela bilong ol turis yunit bilong Kharkiv
• 
  Fortress bilong Saint Elizabeth, Kropyvnytskyi
• 
  Opera long Odesa
• 
  Senta bilong Kherson
• 
  Historikel senta bilong Mykolaiv