Zimbabwe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zimbabwe ntcharu icho chili pakati pa milonga ya Zambezi na Limpopo, kumwera na South Africa, kumwera na Botswana, kumpoto na Zambia. Msumba ukuru chomene wa Harare, ndipo waciŵiri ni Bulawayo. Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu pafupifupi 15 miliyoni[14]. Mtundu ukuru chomene mu Zimbabwe ni wa Shona, uwo uli na ŵanthu 82% pa charu chose. Ku Zimbabwe kuli viyowoyero 16, ndipo viyowoyero vikuru ni Cingelezi, Cishona, na Ndebele.[4]
Charu cha Zimbabwe 15 other official names[1]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chiluso: "Unity, Freedom, Work"[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nyimbo: "Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe"[3] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Makhalilo gha Zimbabwe (dark green) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Harare | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | 16 languages:[4]
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2012 Census[5]) |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vipembezo |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mwenecharu | Zimbabwean Zimbo[6] (colloquial) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary dominant-party presidential republic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | President | Emmerson Mnangagwa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Vice-President | Constantino Chiwenga | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Lower house | National Assembly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Declared | 11 November 1965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Republic | 2 March 1970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Zimbabwe Rhodesia | 1 June 1979 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Independence recognised | 18 April 1980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Current constitution | 15 May 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Malo | 390,757 km2 (60th) 150,871 sq mi |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Maji (%) | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 15,418,674[7] (73rd) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | 2022 census | 15,178,979[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Density | 39/km2 57/sq mi |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Total | $42.4 billion[9] (131st) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Per capita | $2,627[9] (175th) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Total | $29.9 billion[9] (110th) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Per capita | $1,851[9] (154th) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gini (2019) | 50.3[10] high |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HDI (2021) | 0.593[11] medium ·146th |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ndalama | Zimbabwean dollar U.S. dollar ($) (USD)[12] South African rand;[12] Other currencies[note 1] |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mtundu Wanyengo | CAT[13] (UTC+2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Woko la galimoto | left | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intaneti yacharu | .zw |
Kwamba mu ma 900 C.E., ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu (awo ŵakaŵa mtundu wa Shona) ndiwo ŵakazenga msumba wa Great Zimbabwe.[15] Mu ma 1000 C.E., msumba uwu ukaŵa umoza mwa misumba yikuru ya ku Africa iyo yikaguliskanga vinthu. Kuzakafika m'ma 1400, msumba uwu ukaŵa kuti walekeka.[15]Kufuma apo, ufumu wa Zimbabwe ukapangika, ndipo pamanyuma pake ufumu wa Rozvi na Mutapa.[15]
British South Africa Company ya Cecil Rhodes yikamba kulamulira chigaŵa cha Rhodesia mu 1890 apo ŵakathereska Mashonaland ndipo pamanyuma mu 1893 ŵakathereska Matabeleland pamanyuma pakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Matabele ŵakakana. Mu 1923, boma la South Rhodesia likamba kulamulirika na boma la Britain. Mu 1965, boma la ŵanthu ŵatuŵa likapharazga kuti ni Rhodesia. Boma ili likaŵa kutali na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ndipo likaŵa na nkhondo ya ŵasilikari ya vyaka 15 na ŵasilikari ŵa mitundu yinyake. Kufuma apo, charu cha Zimbabwe chikaŵa mu wupu wa Commonwealth of Nations, ndipo chikafumamo mu 2002 chifukwa cha kuswa malango gha vyaru vinyake.
Mugabe wakazgoka nduna yikuru ya Zimbabwe mu 1980, apo chipani chake cha ZANU-PF chikaluska pa chisankho chikuru pamanyuma pa umaliro wa muwuso wa ŵanthu ŵatuŵa. Wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Zimbabwe kufuma mu 1987 mpaka apo wakafumako mu 2017. Mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Mugabe, wupu wakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu ndiwo ukaŵa na mazaza pa charu chose ndipo ndiwo ukachitanga viheni vinandi.[16] Kufuma mu 2000 mpaka mu 2009, chuma chikamba kunangika na kukhuŵara chomene pambere chindawelere nyuma apo ndalama zinyake padera pa dola ya ku Zimbabwe zikazomerezgekanga. Pa 15 Novembala 2017, pamanyuma pa chaka chimoza cha viwawa vyakususkana na boma lake kweniso chuma cha Zimbabwe icho chikukhilira pasi, Mugabe wakajalirika mu nyumba na ŵasilikari ŵa charu ichi mu boma, ndipo Mugabe wakafumapo pati pajumpha mazuŵa 6. Emmerson Mnangagwa ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wa Zimbabwe.
Charu cha Zimbabwe chili mu wupu wa United Nations, Southern African Development Community, African Union, na Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa.