حرف صحیحs |
IPA | دیوناگری | IAST | English approximation |
[[|b]] |
ब | b | about |
bʱ |
भ | bh | abhor ('h' not silent) |
[[|c]] |
च | c | chew |
cʰ |
छ | ch | Churchill (stress on 'h') |
[[|d̪]] |
द | d | this |
d̪ʱ |
ध | dh | roughly like old house |
[[|ɖ]] |
ड | ḍ | roughly like border |
ɖʱ |
ढ | ḍh | roughly like birdhouse |
[[|ɡ]] |
ग | g | again |
ɡʱ |
घ | gh | doghouse |
[[|h]] |
ः | ḥ | head |
ह | h |
[[|j]] |
य | y | yak |
[[|d͡ʑ]] |
ज | j | juice |
d͡ʑʱ |
झ | jh | roughly like hedgehog |
[[|k]] |
क | k | scan |
kʰ |
ख | kh | can |
[[|l]] |
ल | l | leaf |
[[|m]] |
म | m | much |
[[|n]] |
न | n | tenth |
[[|ɳ]] |
ण | ṇ | roughly like burnt [1] |
[[|ɲ]] |
ञ | ñ | roughly like canyon[1] |
[[|ŋ]] |
ङ | ṅ | bank [1] |
[[|p]] |
प | p | span |
pʰ |
फ | ph | pot |
r |
र | r | three (Scottish English) |
[[|s]] |
स | s | sue |
[[|ʂ]] |
ष | ṣ | roughly like shtick |
[[|ʃ]] |
श | ś | sheep |
[[|t̪]] |
त | t | thrill (Scottish English) |
t̪ʰ |
थ | th | roughly like math |
[[|ʈ]] |
ट | ṭ | roughly like curt |
ʈʰ |
ठ | ṭh | roughly like courthouse |
[[|ʋ]] |
व | v | between wine and vine |
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مصوتs [1][2] |
IPA | دیوناگری | IAST | English approximation |
[[|ə]] |
अ, प | a | quota |
aː |
आ, पा | ā | bra |
[[|eː]] |
ए, पे | e | Somewhat like wait |
[[|i]] |
इ, पि | i | happy |
[[|iː]] |
ई, पी | ī | feet |
l̩ |
ऌ, पॢ | ḷ | Syllabic ‹l›: bottle |
l̩ː |
ॡ, पॣ | ḹ | Long syllabic ‹l› |
[[|oː]] |
ओ, पो | o | old (Irish English) |
r̩ |
ऋ, पृ | ṛ | Syllabic ‹r›: better |
r̩ː |
ॠ, पॄ | ṝ | Long syllabic ‹r›: bird |
[[|u]] |
उ, पु | u | look |
[[|uː]] |
ऊ, पू | ū | loot |
əi |
ऐ, पै | ai | Somewhat like bail |
əu |
औ, पौ | au | open (British English) |
Other symbols |
IPA | دیوناگری | IAST | English equivalent |
̃ |
ँ | ṃ | nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) [1] |
[[|ˈ]] |
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stress (placed before stressed syllable) |
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