حرف صحیحs |
IPA | Gurmukhi | Shahmukhi | English equivalent |
[[|b]] |
ਬ | ب | abash |
p[[|˦]] |
ਭ | بھ | Tonal p |
[[|d̪]] [1] |
ਦ | د | ado |
t̪[[|˦]] [1] |
ਧ | دھ | Tonal t̪ |
[[|ɖ]] [1] |
ਡ | ڈ | guard |
ʈ[[|˦]] [1] |
ਢ | ڈھ | Tonal ʈ |
[[|dʒ]] |
ਜ | ج | hedge |
tʒ[[|˦]] |
ਝ | جھ | Tonal tʒ |
[[|f]] |
ਫ਼ | ف | food |
[[|ɡ]] |
ਗ | گ | agate |
gʰ[[|˦]] |
ਘ | گھ | Tonal gʰ |
[[|ɦ]] |
ਹ | ہ | ahead |
[[|j]] |
ਯ | ي | yak |
[[|k]] |
ਕ | ک | scan |
k[[|ʰ]] |
ਖ | کھ | can |
[[|l]] |
ਲ | ل | leaf |
[[|m]] |
ਮ | م | much |
[[|n]] |
ਨ | ن | not |
[[|ɳ]] |
ਣ | - | burner
|
[[|ŋ]] |
ं | - | bank |
[[|p]] |
ਪ | پ | span |
p[[|ʰ]] |
ਫ | پھ | pan (often pronounced [f] in Punjabi) |
[[|q]] |
ਕ਼ | ق | a k in the throat (Shamukhi; pronounced [k] in Gurmukhi) |
[[|ɾ]] |
ਰ | ر | trilled r |
[[|ɽ]] |
ੜ | ڑ | US: larder |
ɽ[[|ʱ]] |
ੜ੍ਹ | ڑھ | as [ɽ] plus h |
[[|s]] |
ਸ | س | sue |
[[|ʃ]] |
ਸ਼ | ش | shoe |
[[|t̪]] [1] |
ਤ | ت | stable |
t̪[[|ʰ]] [1] |
ਥ | تھ | table |
[[|ʈ]] [1] |
ਟ | ٹ | art |
ʈ[[|ʰ]] [1] |
ਠ | ٹھ | art-historian |
[[|tʃ]] |
ਚ | چ | catch |
tʃ[[|ʰ]] |
ਛ | چھ | choose |
[[|ʋ]][2] |
ਵ | و | varies between w and v |
[[|x]] |
ਖ਼ | خ | Bach (Shahmukhi; usually [kʰ] in Gurmukhi) |
[[|ɣ]] |
ਗ਼ | غ | like a French r (Shahmukhi; usually [ɡ] in Gurmukhi). Close to uvular flap. |
[[|z]] |
ਜ਼ | ز | zen |
|
مصوتs |
IPA | Gurmukhi | Shahmukhi | English equivalent |
[[|ɑː]] |
ਆ, ਪਾ | آ, ـا | bra |
[[|eː]] |
ਏ, ਪੇ | ے | between yell and Yale |
[[|ɛː]] |
ਐ, ਪੈ | yell |
[[|ə]] |
ਅ, ਪ | ـَ | nut |
[[|iː]] [3] |
ਈ, ਪੀ | ی | feet |
[[|ɪ]] [3] |
ਇ, ਪਿ | ـِ | dill |
[[|oː]] |
ਓ, ਪੋ | و | old |
[[|ɔː]] |
ਔ, ਪੌ | law |
[[|uː]] [3] |
ਊ, ਪੂ | loot |
[[|ʊ]] [3] |
ਉ, ਪੁ | ـُ | look |
̃ |
ੰ | ں | nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) |
Suprasegmentals |
IPA | |
[[|ˈ]] |
stress (placed before stressed syllable) |
[[|ː]] |
doubled consonant |
|