梭法螺属

梭法螺属（学名：Cymatium），又名象法螺属^[2]或嵌线螺属^[3]，是法螺科嵌线螺亚科之下的一个属，包括从小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的分类单元^[1]。

梭法螺属 化石时期：始新世 - 现在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
一只在印尼阿洛岛附近出现的梭法螺属物种
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	嵌线螺科 Cymatiidae
属：	梭法螺属 Cymatium Röding, 1798
模式种
Murex femorale Linnaeus, 1758
异名[1]
Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857 Linatella Gray, 1857 Lotorium Montfort, 1810 Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810) Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848 Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842

本属物种繁多，有差不多一百种，遍布世界各地。因此有贝壳学家将本属物种再细分为十个亚属，也有建议将部分亚属提升至属级，但这些建议到现在都未有公论。

化石纪录

本属的化石纪录已知从始新世到第四纪（距今：从5580到1.2万年前）^[4]。

形态描述

这些海螺雌雄异体，会产下卵䇲^[5]。 孵化后，幼虫有一个浮游生物阶段，可以（在某些物种中）持续数月; 这是在某些物种中看到的广泛分布，因为在沉降到海底之前可以将浮游幼虫携带很远的距离。

分类

亚属

目前本属有至少十个亚属^[6]，部分亚属有学者建议提升至属级。不管如何，这些亚属或属都详列如下：

• Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
• 毛螺亚属 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
• Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
• Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
• Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
• Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式属：Cymatium pfeifferianum
• Linatella Gray, 1868, 模式种为：Cymatium cutaceum
• 象鼻法螺 Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式种为：Cymatium perryi
• 篱螺亚属 Septa Perry, 1810：模式种为Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至属级。
• Turritriton Dall, 1904, 模式种为：Cymatium gibbosum

物种

根据World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本属目前包括下列物种^[1]：

• 深沟象法螺 Cymatium caudatum (Gmelin, 1791)，为Ranularia caudata (Gmelin, 1791)的异名
• 多彩法螺 Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)，为Monoplex comptus (A.Adams, 1855)的异名
• Cymatium costatum Pennant, 1777
• Cymatium danianum Garvie, 2021
• 丹氏象法螺 Cymatium dunkeri Lischke, 1868，为Ranularia dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)的异名
• 鸟头象法螺 Cymatium encausticum (Reeve, 1844)，为Ranularia encaustica (Reeve, 1844)的异名
• Cymatium femorale (Linnaeus, 1758)
• 宝石法螺 Cymatium gemmatum (Reeve, 1844)
• 厚唇法螺 Cymatium labiosum (Wood, 1828)，为Turritriton labiosus (W.Wood, 1828)的异名
• Cymatium oxygium Woodring, 1959
• Cymatium pharicidum Dall, 1889
• 毛法螺 Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)，为Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)的异名
• Cymatium praefemorale (Maury, 1917)
• Cymatium raderi D'Attilio & B.W.Myers, 1984
• Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)
• Cymatium remotum Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1995
• 中华象法螺 Cymatium sinense (Reeve, 1844)，为Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)的异名
• 玉口象法螺 Cymatium springsteeni Beu, 1987，为Ranularia springsteeni (Beu, 1987)的异名
• 瘦毛法螺 Cymatium tenuiliratum Lischke, 1873，为Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)的异名
• 褐唇象法螺 Cymatium testudinarium A. Adams & Reeve, 1850，为Ranularia testudinaria (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850)的异名
• 印度洋法螺 Cymatium thersites (Reeve, 1844)，为Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844)的异名
• Cymatium tigrinum (Broderip, 1833)

• 宝石法螺
• 小白法螺

异名物种

• Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
• Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
• Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
• Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
• Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
• Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
• Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
• Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
• Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
• 秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
• Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
• Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
• Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
• Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
• Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
• 象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium  (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
• Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
• Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
• Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
• Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
• Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
• Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
• Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
• Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
• Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
• Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
• Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
• 菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
• 梨形嵌线螺^[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
• 肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
• Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
• Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
• Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

• Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950  : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

• Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
• Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
• Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

图库

• 
  Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
• 
  Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy