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新英格兰水族馆
来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
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新英格兰水族馆位于美国马萨诸塞州波士顿的中央码头,始建于1969年,除了主展馆以外,还有一个西蒙斯IMAX影厅和新英格兰水族馆观鲸游轮。水族馆观鲸船每年4月至11月运行。[6]新英格兰水族馆拥有超过22000名会员,[7]每年超过130万游客参观。
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历史

波士顿于1962年开始筹划建造自己的水族馆,由剑桥七人联合会的彼得·切尔马耶夫担任主设计师。1969年水族馆竣工开放营业。[8][9] 1970年,水族馆的巨型海洋鱼缸开放,是当时世界上最大的圆形海洋鱼缸。[10]
1974年,由于水族馆土地面积不够用于扩张,展馆旁停靠了一艘多层驳船”发现号“,用作水上哺乳动物馆。这座大型”展馆“拥有1000个座位和一个116,000-美制加仑(440,000-升;97,000-英制加仑)的水缸。展馆内饲养着一群海豚,直到20世纪中期,被转移到别的场馆。在这之后,“发现号”饲养了一群海狮。20世纪初,由于”发现号“使用多年,维护成本过高,最终退役。[11]
2013年,巨型海洋鱼缸进行翻修, 为鱼缸增加了一片加勒比地区珊瑚礁群。 1998年展馆西厢房竣工。新的西厢房由施华兹/斯尤弗建筑公司设计建造,主体为玻璃及钢结构,包括一座可从展馆外观赏的港海豹展览水缸、售票大厅、时令展馆、礼品商店及咖啡厅。[12]
1999年,水族馆为达克斯伯里的鼠海豚建造了一座展馆,包括一个可容纳三只鼠海豚的,29,000-美制加仑(110,000-升;24,000-英制加仑)的水缸。[13]
2001年,马修和玛西娅·西蒙斯IMAX影院开业,影院可容纳428人[14],建造在水族馆旁,由韦纳·约翰逊设计。影院屏幕高65英尺(20米),约为六层楼,宽为85英尺(26米),[15]可放映2D和3D电影。[13][16]
2003年,水族馆花费190万美元,建造了12个水母水缸,命名为“神奇的水母”。新的展厅展现了不同的水母,并强调在气候变化的今天,水母更容易存活,并且数量会变多。
2006年,新英格兰水族馆获得动物园和水族馆协会(AZA)认可。
2009年,新百伦基金会海洋哺乳动物中心成立,饲养着北海狗。[13]
2010年,动物护理中心开业。护理中心位于昆西市,占地面积约为23,000-平方英尺(2,100-平方米),用于在展馆维护或翻修时对动物进行养育。同时该护理中心也是海洋动物急救和康复中心。[17]
2013年,水族馆在对其举行海洋水池进行翻修10个月后,终于再次开放。新的海洋水池复制了前哥伦布时期加勒比海珊瑚礁,安装了带反光罩的新照明灯并搭配了新的观赏玻璃。水缸中饲养的鱼从800条增加到2000条,其种类从90种增加到140种。[18]
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展出动物
A
- African Pompano
- Amoeba
- Angler
- Antarctic Toothfish
- Arabian Angelfish
- Arctic Char
- Asian Sheepshead Wrasse
- Atlantic Blue Marlin
- Atlantic Bluefin Tuna
- Atlantic Cod
- Atlantic Flyingfish
- Atlantic Footballfish
- Atlantic Guitarfish
- Atlantic Herring
- Atlantic Sailfish
- Atlantic Sea Nettle
- Atlantic Spadefish
- Atlantic Tarpon
- Atlantic Torpedo
- Atlantic Wolffish
- Ayu
B
- Bahamas Sawshark
- Banded Butterflyfish
- Banded Coral Shrimp
- Banded Pipefish
- Banggai Cardinalfish
- Barramundi
- Barreleye
- Basking Shark
- Bat Ray
- Beluga Sturgeon
- Bicolor Angelfish
- Bicolor Blenny
- Bigeye Thresher
- Bigeye Trevally
- Bignose Unicornfish
- Bird Wrasse
- Black Dragonfish
- Black Marlin
- Blacknose Shark
- Blacksmith
- Blackspotted Pufferfish
- Blacktip Grouper
- Blacktip Reef Shark
- Blacktip Shark
- Blue Ring Angelfish
- Blue Runner
- Blue Shark
- Blue-headed Wrasse
- Bluecheek Butterflyfish
- Blueface Angelfish
- Bluefin Trevally
- Bluespotted Cornetfish
- Bluespotted Ribbontail Ray
- Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse
- Bluestriped Grunt
- Bluntnose Sixgill Shark
- Bonefish
- Bonnethead
- Bowmouth Guitarfish
- Bramble Shark
- Brown-marbled Grouper
- Brownbanded Bamboo Shark
- Bull Shark
- Butterfly Kingfish
C
- Cabezon
- California Sheephead
- California Yellowtail
- Calling Fiddler Crab
- Caribbean Reef Shark
- Caribbean Sharpnose Shark
- Carpet Eel-Blenny
- Chain Catshark
- China Rockfish
- Clark's Anemonefish
- Clown Coris
- Clown Triggerfish
- Cobia
- Commerson's Dolphin
- Common Earthworm
- Common Fangtooth
- Common Hermit Crab
- Common Lobster
- Common Seahorse
- Common Skate
- Common Starfish
- Common Thresher Shark
- Convict Tang
- Cookiecutter Shark
- Copper Shark
- Copperband Butterflyfish
- Coral Beauty
- Coral Catshark
- Coral Grouper
- Crested Bullhead Shark
- Crocodile Shark
D
- Diamond Trevally
- Dungeness Crab
- Dusky Shark
- Dwarf Lanternshark
E
- Edible Crab
- Electric Eel
- Emperor Angelfish
- Emperor Red Snapper
- Epaulette Shark
- European Bass
- European Conger
- European Flounder
- Eyelight Fish
F
- False Cleanerfish
- False Falcula Butterflyfish
- Flame Angelfish
- Flat Needlefish
- Flathead Grey Mullet
- Flying Gurnard
- Foureye Butterflyfish
- Foxface Rabbitfish
- Freshwater Angelfish
- Frilled Shark
G
- Galápagos Shark
- Ganges Shark
- Garibaldi
- Giant Guitarfish
- Giant Hatchetfish
- Giant Moray
- Giant Mudskipper
- Giant Oceanic Manta Ray
- Giant Pacific Octopus
- Giant Trevally
- Goblin Shark
- Golden Trevally
- Goldfish
- Great Barracuda
- Great White Shark
- Greater Amberjack
- Green Humphead Parrotfish
- Green Moray
- Green Sea Turtle
- Greenback Horse Mackerel
- Greenland Shark
- Grey Reef Shark
- Guineafowl Puffer
- Guppy
H
- Halfmoon
- Harbor Seal
- Harlequin Sweetlips
- Harlequin Tuskfish
- Hawaiian Cleaner Wrasse
- Hogfish
- Horn Shark
- Horse-eye Jack
- Houndfish
- Humpback Anglerfish
- Humpback Grouper
- Humphead Wrasse
I
- Indigo Hamlet
- Indo-Pacific Blue Marlin
- Indo-Pacific Sailfish
J
- Jack-Knifefish
- Japanese Sawshark
- Japanese Seabass
- Japanese Wobbegong
- John Dory
K
- Kelp Bass
- Killer Whale
- King Angelfish
- King Mackerel
- Knifetooth Sawfish
- Koi
L
- Lagoon Triggerfish
- Lana's Sawshark
- Largemouth Bass
- Largetooth Sawfish
- Lemon Shark
- Leopard Coral Grouper
- Leopard Shark
- Lined Butterflyfish
- Live Sharksucker
- Longbill Spearfish
- Longcomb Sawfish
- Longfin Mako Shark
- Longhorn Cowfish
- Longnose Hawkfish
- Longspine Porcupinefish
- Longspine Squirrelfish
- Lookdown
- Lumpfish
M
- Mackerel Icefish
- Mahi-Mahi
- Mangrove Snapper
- Maori Snapper
- Masked Bannerfish
- Mediterranean Slipper Lobster
- Mediterranean Spearfish
- Megamouth Shark
- Milk Shark
- Milkfish
- Moon Wrasse
- Moorish Idol
N
- Neon Tetra
- Northern Pike
- Northern Prawn
- Northern Red Snapper
- Northern Wobbegong
- Nurse Shark
O
- Ocean Sunfish
- Oceanic Whitetip Shark
- Ocellaris Clownfish
- Old Wife
- Opah
- Orange Spotted Filefish
- Orangeback Angelfish
- Orangespine Unicornfish
- Orbicular Batfish
- Ornate Wobbegong
P
- Pacific Angelshark
- Pacific Cleaner Shrimp
- Pacific Goliath Grouper
- Pacific Oyster
- Pacific Spiny Dogfish
- Painted Frogfish
- Pajama Cardinalfish
- Pelagic Thresher
- Pennant Coralfish
- Permit
- Pigeye Shark
- Pilot Fish
- Pineapplefish
- Porbeagle
- Porkfish
- Port Jackson Shark
- Powder Blue Tang
- Prickly Leatherjacket
- Purple Tang
- Purple-striped Jellyfish
- Pyramid Butterflyfish
Q
- Queen Angelfish
- Queen Parrotfish
- Queen Triggerfish
- Queensland Grouper
R
- Red Lionfish
- Red Sea Bannerfish
- Red-bellied Piranha
- Red-breasted Wrasse
- Red-Lipped Batfish
- Redtoothed Triggerfish
- Reef Triggerfish
- Regal Angelfish
- Regal Tang
- Reticulated Dascyllus
- Rock Beauty
- Roundscale Spearfish
- Royal Dottyback
- Royal Gramma
S
- Sheepshead
- Saddleback Clownfish
- Salmon Shark
- Sandbar Shark
- Sarcastic Fringehead
- Sawback Angelshark
- Scalloped Hammerhead
- School Shark
- Scrawled Butterflyfish
- Scrawled Cowfish
- Scrawled Filefish
- Scribbled Angelfish
- Sea Goldie
- Sea Raven
- Semicircle Angelfish
- Shortbill Spearfish
- Shortfin Mako Shark
- Shortnose Sawshark
- Shovelnose Guitarfish
- Sicklefin Lemon Shark
- Silky Shark
- Silvertip Shark
- Sixbar Angelfish
- Sixgill Sawshark
- Sloane's Viperfish
- Smalltooth Sand Tiger
- Smalltooth Sawfish
- Smooth Hammerhead
- Snaggletooth Shark
- Sockeye Salmon
- Sohal Surgeonfish
- Southern Stingray
- Spanish Dancer
- Sperm Whale
- Spinner Shark
- Spiny Red Gurnard
- Spotted Eagle Ray
- Spotted Handfish
- Spotted Scorpionfish
- Squarespot Anthias
- Stoplight Loosejaw
- Striped Bass
- Striped Marlin
- Striped Surgeonfish
- Stripey
- Sunset Wrasse
- Swell Shark
- Swordfish
T
- Tasselled Anglerfish
- Tasselled Wobbegong
- Tawny Nurse Shark
- Tentacled Flathead
- Threadfin Butterflyfish
- Tiger Puffer
- Tiger Shark
- Titan Triggerfish
- Tomato Clownfish
- Trumpetfish
U
- Upland Goose
V
- Vagabond Butterflyfish
- Valentin's Sharpnose Puffer
- Velvet Whalefish
- Venus Sea Fan
W
- Wahoo
- Wels Catfish
- West Indian Ocean Coelacanth
- Whale Shark
- White Marlin
- White-Spotted Puffer
- Whitecheek Shark
- Whitemargin Unicornfish
- Whitespotted Bamboo Shark
- Whitetip Reef Shark
- Whitetail Dascyllus
X
- X-ray Tetra
Y
- Yellow and Blueback Fusilier
- Yellow Tang
- Yellow-tail Blue Damselfish
- Yellowfin Tuna
- Yellowhead Jawfish
Z
- Zebra Shark
- Zooplankton
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特色展区

2010年水族馆的企鹅展区呈现,展现了野生企鹅在自然界中生存并保护自己的方法。[19]
运动中的海洋哺乳动物主题展的主角为水族馆的北海狗和港海豹们,鼓励孩子们一起小腿伸展,跳舞,旋转和跳跃。海洋哺乳动物中心还吸引了海洋哺乳动物与人类之间的联系,并指出支线海洋动物正面临的危机。[20]
2008年的主题展览为海龟及陆龟。这些乌龟在地球上生活了3亿年,远比恐龙生活得久。有的乌龟由于污染、气候变化和栖息地减少,面临着灭绝的危险。 [21]

2008年建造的临时亲水池中饲养了南部鳐鱼、牛鼻鳐、黄鳐鱼和斑鲨。后来成为水族馆常驻展厅之一,并命名为信托家族基金会鲨鱼鳐鱼触摸池。游客可以近距离触摸感受相关动物,在重建的天然红树林和泻湖为主题的栖息地观察它们进食。
该主题展览以我们最惧怕的物种为主,展现包括活鲨鱼及其视频。西蒙斯IMAX影院播放《海怪:史前冒险》,包括虎鲨、水蟒、大梭鱼、电鳗、狮子鱼、海鳗、巨型太平洋章鱼及南部鳐鱼。[13]
地点
新英格兰水族馆在大西洋大道波士顿中央码头。从波士顿市中心向长码头方向走,萝丝·肯尼迪绿道旁。波士顿港口步道环绕在水族馆附近。离水族馆最近的地铁站为波士顿地铁蓝线水族馆站,但从波士顿地铁橙线及绿线换乘车站干草市场站短暂步行也可到达。
保护
观鲸船
每年4月至10月期间,水族馆与波士顿港游轮公司合作主办赏鲸游轮活动。[24]水族馆在游轮上指派博物学家和教育者,与游客进行互动。游轮将游客载往波士顿东部约30英里(48千米)处的斯泰尔瓦根暗礁国家海洋保护区。这里是多种大型鲸鱼的家,生活着座头鲸、长须鲸、小须鲸、领航鲸和濒临灭绝的露脊鲸。有时候也可以看到大西洋白海豚。通常观鲸船往返一共3至4小时。[25]
由于船上的自然学家经验丰富,几乎每次出海都能观测到鲸鱼。但如果没有看到鲸鱼,水族馆会给游客发放消费券,以供下次免费搭乘游轮出海,直至看到鲸鱼为止。
参见
- 《波涛的回响》
参考资料
外部链接
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