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翼型
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翼型(airfoil)或称翼剖面,是指机翼、风帆、螺旋桨、旋翼、涡轮的横截面形状。翼型可以改变力的方向,例如可以把平行方向的推力转换为升力,或是将水平方向的旋转力矩转换为垂直方向的推力。

翼型的升力主要来自翼型的形状和迎角(或称之为攻角),有合适的迎角的翼型会对来流产生扰动,由此产生一个与扰动相反方向的力,称之为气动力。气动力可以被分解为升力和阻力,与来流方向垂直的合力称之为升力,与来流方向平行的的合力称之为阻力。大多数翼型需要在正的迎角下才产生升力,但是有弯度翼型在迎角为0的情况下也能产生升力。来流在受到扰动后,在翼型表面附近出现了弯曲的流线,因此在翼型的两个表面产生了不同的压力。根据伯努利定律,在流速快的地方压力小,流速慢的地方压力大,因此,可以根据上下表面的流速差来计算翼型的升力。实际上,引入环量的概念后,根据库塔-儒可夫斯基定理就可以计算出翼型的升力。
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参考文献
- Abbott, Ira Herbert; Von Doenhoff, Albert Edward. Theory of Wing Sections, Including a Summary of Airfoil Data. Dover. 1959. ISBN 978-0-486-60586-9.
- Auld, Douglass; Srinivas. 2-D Thin Aerofoil Theory. Aerodynamics for Students. University of Sydney. 1995.
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- Morris, Wallace J. II. A universal prediction of stall onset for airfoils at a wide range of Reynolds number flows (学位论文). Harvard University. 2009. Bibcode:2009PhDT.......146M.
- Morris, Wallace J.; Rusak, Zvi. Stall onset on aerofoils at low to moderately high Reynolds number flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. October 2013, 733: 439–472. Bibcode:2013JFM...733..439M. ISSN 0022-1120. S2CID 122817884. doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.440.
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- Scott, Jeff. Question #136: Lift Coefficient & Thin Airfoil Theory. Ask a Rocket Scientist: Aerodynamics. Aerospaceweb.org. 10 August 2003.
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. - Weltner, Klaus; Ingelman-Sundberg, Martin. Physics of flight - revisited. 1999 [25 April 2021]. (原始内容存档于29 September 2011).
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