Ki-pún lia̍p-chú

Tī lia̍p-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k tiong, ki-pún lia̍p-chú sī siōng ki-pún ê tan-ūi, in m̄ sī kî-thaⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ só͘ cho͘-sêng--ê. Ki-pún lia̍p-chú bo̍k-chêng tī phiau-chún bô͘-hêng ê kheng-khak chi hā, ū pau-koat ki-pún fermion kap ki-pún boson nn̄g lūi. Ki-pún lia̍p-chú kap-chò-hóe ē-sái hêng-sêng hok-ha̍p lia̍p-chú, phì-lūn-kóng ióng-chú, tiong-chú.

Hun-lūi

Fermion

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Fermion

Fermion ê spin sī pòaⁿ-chéng-sò͘, in ho̍k-chiông Fermi–Dirac thóng-kè. Ki-pún fermion ū nn̄g lūi: quark kap lepton.

Quark

Ū 6 chióng quark kap in tùi-èng ê antiquark. Quark koh ē-sái hun chòe saⁿ ê sè-tāi.

Quark ê sèng-chit^[1]

Sè-tāi	Miâ	Kì-hō	Chit-liōng (MeV/c2)	J	B	Q (e)	I3	C	S	T	B′	Hoán-lia̍p-chú	Hoán-lia̍p-chú ê kì-hō
Tē 1 sè-tāi	up	u	1.7 - 3.1	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	+​2⁄3	+​1⁄2	0	0	0	0	antiup	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{u}}}}$
	down	d	4.1 - 5.7	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	−​1⁄3	−​1⁄2	0	0	0	0	antidown	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{d}}}}$
Tē 2 sè-tāi	charm	c	7003129000000000000♠1290+50 −110	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	+​2⁄3	0	+1	0	0	0	anticharm	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{c}}}}$
	strange	s	7002100000000000000♠100+30 −20	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	−​1⁄3	0	0	−1	0	0	antistrange	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{s}}}}$
Tē 3 sè-tāi	top	t	7005172000000000000♠172000±2200	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	+​2⁄3	0	0	0	+1	0	antitop	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{t}}}}$
	bottom	b	7003419000000000000♠4190+180 −60	​1⁄2	+​1⁄3	−​1⁄3	0	0	0	0	−1	antibottom	${\displaystyle {\bar {\text{b}}}}$

Lepton

Ū 6 chióng lepton kap in tùi-èng ê antilepton. Kî-tiong 3 chióng sī chah-tiān ê tiān-chú, muon, kap tauon, lēng-gōa 3 chióng sī neutrino. Lepton mā ē-sái hun chòe saⁿ ê sè-tāi.

Lepton ê sèng-chit^[2]

Sè-tāi	Miâ	Kì-hō	Q (e)	S	Le	Lμ	Lτ	Chit-liōng (MeV/c2)	pêng-kun sìⁿ-miā (s)	Hoán-lia̍p-chú	Hoán-lia̍p-chú ê kì-hō
Chah-tiān lepton
Tē 1 sè-tāi	tiān-chú	e−	−1	1⁄2	+1	0	0	0.5109989461(31)	ún-tēng	iông-tiān-chú	e+
Tē 2 sè-tāi	muon	μ−	−1	1⁄2	0	+1	0	105.6583745(24)	2.1969811(22)×10−6	antimuon	μ−
Tē 3 sè-tāi	tauon	τ−	−1	1⁄2	0	0	+1	1776.86(12)	290.3(0.5)×10−15	antitauon	τ−
Neutrino
Tē 1 sè-tāi	tiān-chú neutrino	νe	0	1⁄2	+1	0	0	< 0.0000022	m̄-chai	tiān-chú antineutrino	νe
Tē 2 sè-tāi	mu neutrino	νμ	0	1⁄2	0	+1	0	< 0.17	m̄-chai	mu antineutrino	νμ
Tē 3 sè-tāi	tau neutrino	ντ	0	1⁄2	0	0	+1	< 15.5	m̄-chai	tau antineutrino	ντ

Boson

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Boson

Boson sī ū chéng-sò͘ spin, ho̍k-chiông Bose–Einstein thóng-kè ê lia̍p-chú.

Gauge boson

Gauge boson ū 4 chióng, in hun-pia̍t sī 4 chióng ki-pún-la̍t ê môe-kài, saⁿ-chok-iōng ê kòe-têng ê-seng-tit ēng gauge lí-lūn lâi biâu-su̍t. Kî-tiong graviton sī lí-lūn ká-siat ê lia̍p-chú, ah-bōe hō͘ si̍t-giām chèng-si̍t.

Gauge boson	Sò͘-liōng	Saⁿ-chok-iōng	Lia̍p-chú	gauge group
gluon	8	kiông-la̍t	quark	SU(3)
W+, W− kap Z0 Boson	3	jio̍k-la̍t	quark, lepton	SU(2)
kng-chù	1	tiān-chû-la̍t	quark, chah-tiān lepton	U(1)
graviton	?	tiōng-le̍k	?	?

Higgs boson

Higgs boson sī chi̍t chióng ū chit-liōng ê boson. Kap Higgs boson ū koan-hē ê Higgs ki-chè, ē-sái kái-soeh ki-pún lia̍p-chú án-chóaⁿ tit-tio̍h chit-liōng.

Chham-khó

1. K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group) (2010). "Review of Particle Physics: Quarks" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 37: 075021. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021.
2. P.A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020)