石鳖是软体动物门多板纲(学名:Polyplacophora)物种的通称,又名石鳖纲(Loricata[1]),约有900多个物种[2]。其特征为内圈一般都有八片紧邻排列之硬壳,外圈则是肌肉组织。
石鳖为海生软体动物,大部分物种生活在潮间带和潮下带浅水区的岩石上,常可在退潮后的潮间带岩石上见到,但也有一些物种生活在较深海域[3]。可以食用。
分类
现时本纲物种的分类基本上依从Sirenko (2006)的分类,大致如下[4]:
- 多板纲 Polyplacophora de Blainville, 1816
- 古石鳖亚纲 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- Order Chelodida Bergenhayn, 1943
- Order Septemchitonida Bergenhayn, 1955
- 新石鳖亚纲 Neoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- 石鳖目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板纲中绝大多数的种类,例如:花斑锉石鳖。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Acanthochitonina
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 毛肤石鳖科 Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Cryptoplacidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Family Hemiarthridae Sirenko, 1997
- Family Makarenkoplacidae Sirenko & Dell'Angelo, 2015 †
- Superfamily Mopalioidea Dall, 1889
- Family Choriplacidae Ashby, 1928
- Family Lepidochitonidae Iredale, 1914
- 鬃毛石鳖科 Mopaliidae Dall, 1889
- Family Schizoplacidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Tonicellidae Simroth, 1894
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 石鳖亚目 Chitonina
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Callistoplacidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Callochitonidae Plate, 1901
- Family Chaetopleuridae Plate, 1899
- 石鳖科 Chitonidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 薄石鳖科 Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Loricidae Iredale & Hull, 1923
- Family Spinochitonidae Dell'Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018 †
- Superfamily Schizochitonoidea Dall, 1889
- Schizochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Acanthochitonina
- 鳞侧石鳖目 Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909:例如鳞侧石鳖(Lepidopleurus)。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:体呈长形或椭圆形,大小不一。例如:红条毛肤石鳖
- Family Abyssochitonidae Dell'Angelo & Palazzi, 1989
- 汉利石鳖科 Hanleyidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- 鳞侧石鳖科 Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Nierstraszellidae Sirenko, 1992
- Family [[Protochitonidae Ashby, 1925}} †
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:体呈长形或椭圆形,大小不一。例如:红条毛肤石鳖
- 石鳖目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板纲中绝大多数的种类,例如:花斑锉石鳖。
- 目地位未定(Incertae sedis)
- Family Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Olingechitonidae Starobogatov et Sirenko, 1977
- Family Haeggochitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- Family Ivoechitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- 古石鳖亚纲 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
注释
参考文献
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