大多基于Nau, Nicole, Latvian, Lincom Europa: 66, 1998, ISBN 3-89586-228-2。
More information IPA, 例 ...
IPA
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例
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大约汉声母
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子音
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p
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pipari [ˈpipːari], skābs [skaːps][1]
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多数方言的帮母
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b
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bāka [baːka][2]
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闽南语“闽”
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m
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man [man]
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多数方言的明母
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f
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fosfors [ˈfosfɔːrs][3]
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官、粤非母
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v
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vai [vai]
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吴语“饭”
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t
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tas [tas]
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多数方言的端母
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d
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diena [diɛna], atdarīt [ˈadːariːt][2]
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吴语“甜”
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n
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nav [naʊ]
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多数方言的泥母
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l
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lai [lai]
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多数方言的来母
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s
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suns [suns], mazs [masː][1]
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多数方言的心母
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z
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zināt [zinaːt]
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潮州话“热”
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ts
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celts [tsælts], sods [suɔts][1]
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多数方言的精母
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dz
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dzimt [dzimt]
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汕头话“日”
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ʃ
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seši [seʃi], mežs [meʃː][1]
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ship
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ʒ
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daži [daʒi]
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衢州话“床”
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tʃ
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četri [t͡ʃetri]
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chop
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ʃtʃ
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šķirt [ʃt͡ʃirt], lietišķs [liɛtiʃt͡ʃs]
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英文fresh cheese
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dʒ
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dadži [dad͡ʒi]
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衢州话“陈”
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r
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"re kur!" [reˌkur]
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rolled r
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c
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ķēķis [ceːcis]
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choose和skew间
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ɟ
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ģērbt [ɟeːrpt]
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June和argue间
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ɲ
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ņemt [ɲemt]
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梅县话、上海话日母
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ʎ
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ļoti [ʎuɔti]
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部分英方言million
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j
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jā [jaː]
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多数方言的以母
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k
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kāpt [kaːpt], smags [smaks][1]
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多数方言的见母
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ɡ
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gūt [guːt], ikdiena [ˈigdiɛna][2]
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闽南语“五”、吴语“共”
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ŋ
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bungas [buŋgas]
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粤、吴“吴”
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x
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heterohromija [ˈxeteroxrɔːmija][3]
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官话“好”
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IPA
|
例
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大约汉韵母
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单母音(汉语应该没有分长短母音之方言,有“ː”者请拉长来读、自行想像)
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a
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dakša [dakʃa]
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官、粤麻韵
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aː
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pār [paːr]
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æ
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(viņš) bed [bæd]
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苏州话“遥”
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æː
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bēda [bæːda]
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e
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bet [bet]
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粤语“车”
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eː
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ēst [eːst]
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ɔ
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operācija [ˈɔpːeraːtsija][4]
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粤语科韵
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ɔː
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opera [ɔːpera][4]
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i
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viss [visː]
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官、粤“衣”
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iː
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vīst [viːst]
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u
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un [un]
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官、粤“乌”
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uː
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būt [buːt]
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双母音[5]
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ai
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tai [tai][6]
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官、粤“拜”
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au
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tauta [tauta]
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官、粤肴韵
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ɛi
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vei [vɛi][6]
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官、粤微韵
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ɛu
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tev [tɛu], Eugēnija [ˈɛugeːnija][7]
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粤语“掉”白读
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oi
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ahoi [aˈhɔi][6][8]
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粤语开韵
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ɔu
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boulings [bɔuliŋks]
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粤语“煲”
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iɛ
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diena [diɛna]
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官、粤“耶”
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iu
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pliukšķis [pliukʃt͡ʃis][8]
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粤语宵韵
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uɔ
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lolojot [luɔluɔjuɔt][4]
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官“我”、粤“禾”
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ui
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fui [fui][6]
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粤语灰韵
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元音间隙
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.
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分隔不是双母音的母音簇:neilgs [ˈne.ilks],triumfs [ˈtri.umfs],neieiet [ˈne.iɛ.iɛt]
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重音
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ˈ
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重音(几乎都在字词首音节且用万国音标标示拉脱维亚话时可省略)
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长子音
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ː
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长母音或长子音(只限响音)
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Close
另见
参考
Before the masculine ending -s, voiced consonants are devoiced: smags → [smaks]. The -s is assimilated after a devoiced fricative, producing a long consonant: mazs → [masː] and mežs → [meʃː]. Devoicing also occurs in compounds: labprātīgs → [ˈlapːraːtiːks] or [ˈlapˌpraːtiːks].
An unvoiced consonant, in a compound, followed by a voiced consonant becomes voiced: atdarīt → [ˈadːariːt] or [ˈadˌdariːt].
[f] and [x] occur only in loanwords.
The letter ⟨o⟩ in Latvian orthography usually represents the diphthong [uɔ]): Lithuanian nuoma and Latvian noma. [ɔ] and its long counterpart, [ɔː], occur only in loanwords.
In closed syllables, [ai], [ɛi], [oi], and [ui] may be transcribed as vowel-glide sequences: tais [tajs], veikt [vɛjkt], boikots [bɔjkɔts], and muita [mujta].
Only in loanwords and onomatopoeiatic words or as the result of vocalization in open syllables of [v].
Only in loanwords or onomatopoeiatic words.
| 这页是维基百科的拉脱维亚话国际音标发音指南。 | |
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