帮助:马来语国际音标
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下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用国际音标(IPA)表示马来语(马来西亚语及印尼语)发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南,请参见{{IPA-ms}}、{{IPA-id}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes
这页是维基百科的马来语国际音标发音指南。 |
请参阅马来语音系(英语:Malay phonology)以更全面地了解马来语的发音。
More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英语及其他语言中的近似发音 |
---|---|---|
b | bola[1] | beau |
d | dari[1] | do |
ð | izin, zakar[2] | the, father |
dʒ | jari | job |
f | fikir, visa[3] | festival |
ɡ | galah[4] | gain |
ɣ | ghaib, loghat[3] | 西班牙语 trigo |
h | habis, tokoh | hat |
j | yakin, kaya | yes |
k | kalah[1][4] | sky |
l | lama | clean |
m | makan | moon |
n | nakal | note |
ŋ | ngarai | feeling |
ɲ | nyaman | canyon |
θ | Selasa, salji, misal[2] | think, three |
p | pola[1] | spy |
r | raja, dari, pasar | 西班牙语 río[5] |
s | saya | six |
ʃ | syak[3] | shoe |
t | tari[1] | sty |
tʃ | cari | itchy |
v | visa[3] | vision |
w | waktu, Jawa | we |
x | khas[3] | 苏格兰英语 loch |
z | zaman[3] | zero |
ʔ | bapak, rakyat [1][4] | uh-oh |
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More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英语中的近似发音 |
---|---|---|
a | ajar, buka[7][8] | father |
e | serong, kare, pilih, yakin, kirim[9] | clay[10] |
ɛ | pek, teh, bebek[11] | festival |
i | bila, ini | see |
ɪ | kirim[11] | bin |
o | roda, toko, tujuh, rumput[9] | sole[12] |
ɔ | pohon[11] | off |
u | upah, baru | moon |
ʊ | rumput[11] | foot |
ə | gelak, buka[7] | taken, about |
Close
More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英语近似发音 |
---|---|---|
au, aʊ[13] | kalau[9] | how |
ai, aɪ[13] | capai[9] | bye |
ei, eɪ[13] | murbei | survey (罕) |
oi, oɪ[13] | sepoi | boy (罕) |
ui, uɪ[13] | fengsui | 英式英语 ruin (罕) |
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注释
- /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.
- The dental fricatives [θ, ð] are found solely in Arabic loanwords, but the writing is not distinguished from the Arabic loanwords containing the [s, z] sounds and these sounds must be learned separately by the speakers.
- The glottal stop [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs) and rakyat (alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
- In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, [ɣ] or [ʁ], and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap [ɾ] or trill [r]. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].
- The nasal consonants /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.
- [ɑ] is an occasional allophone of /a/ after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic loanwords, example: qari [qɑri].
- The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- The Malay /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of sole (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- The pronunciation with the lax allophone [ɪ] or [ʊ] only occurs in Indonesian.