Toll样受体9(英语:Toll-like receptor 9)是由人类基因 TLR9 编码的蛋白质[1],也被称为CD289(分化簇289,cluster of differentiation 289),是Toll样受体(TLR)家族的成员。
功能
TLR家族的受体在病原识别与先天免疫的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈现在细胞表面和胞内间室的跨膜蛋白,用以识别病原体呈现的病原相关分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs),然后启动制造先天和获得性免疫所需的细胞因子的信号。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织,比如脾、淋巴结、骨髓等。研究指出,在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列来激活先天免疫应答[2]。
TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未甲基化的CpG序列,CpG位点在脊椎动物非常稀少(~1%),但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在免疫系统的多种细胞中有表达,如B淋巴细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞(NK)和浆细胞样树突状细胞。TLR9表达于细胞内,是核内体的组分之一,其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应,并分泌相关细胞因子,如I型干扰素和IL-12等。
临床意义
There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,[3] immunostimulation against cancer,[4] immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.[5]
蛋白质相互作用
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