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dun
来自维基词典,自由的词典
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參見:Appendix:"dun"的變體
英語
源自中古英語 dun、dunne,源自古英語 dunn (“暗褐色,樹皮色,黑褐色”),源自原始日耳曼語 *dusnaz (“褐色,黃色”),源自原始印歐語 *dʰewh₂- (“冒煙,捲起塵埃”)。與古撒克遜語 dun (“褐色,暗”)、古高地德語 tusin (“灰色,暗褐色,淡黃色,暗”)、古諾爾斯語 dunna (“鴨,雌鴨”)同源。
也可能派生自布立吞亞支(對比中古威爾士語 dwnn (“暗(紅色)”)),源自原始凱爾特語 *dusnos(對比古愛爾蘭語 donn),源自原始印歐語 *dʰews-(對比古撒克遜語 dosan (“栗棕色”))。參見dusk。
- 暗褐色
- dun:
dun (無比較級)
- 暗褐色的
- c. 1606 (date written),William Shakespeare,“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio),London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v],頁 134,列 2,行s 48–49:
- Come, thick Night,
And pall thee in the dunneſt ſmoake of Hell,
That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes,
Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke,
To cry, hold, hold.- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Sonnets
- Template:RQ:Keble Christian Year
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- bawn
- durmast oak
- Appendix:顏色
未知;可能是din的變體。多個來源認為源自 Joe Dun,一名因逮捕追債者而出名的執達吏之名,不過這個說法有爭議。
dun (複數 duns)
- (可數) 討債人,追債人
- 1889 [1712],John Arbuthnot,The History of John Bull,London: Cassell & Co., →OCLC,頁 71:
- Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun or other.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1933, George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, Ch. 18:
- Melancholy duns came looking for him at all hours.
- 1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York 2007, p. 102:
- ‘Frank's worried about duns,’ she said as the butler went away.
- 緊急要求支付
- 1842,A.B.G.,“Errata”, in Evangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate,卷 13, →OCLC,頁 251:
- Miss Hoppin received a dun for volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
dun (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 duns,現在分詞 dunning,簡單過去時和過去分詞 dunned)
- (及物) 討債
- 1768,Jonathan Swift,The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift,London: C. Bathurst, →OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse,頁 309:
- And hath she sent so soon to dun?
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Folio Society 1973, p. 577:
- Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had been dunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.
- (及物) 不停重複(要求等)來騷擾
- 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:
- Rich bitches who had to be dunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.
- 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:
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- dun letter
不確定;可能來自其顏色。
dun (複數 duns)
- (可數) 蜉蝣的亞成蟲
- 1966,John Harris,An Angler's Entomology,New York: Barnes, →OCLC,頁 16:
- Also, duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (可數,垂釣) 一種類似蜉蝣亞成蟲的擬餌
- 1676,Charles Cotton,The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream,London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome, →OCLC, March,頁 59:
- We have besides for this Month a little Dun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- subimago
源自愛爾蘭語 dún 或 蘇格蘭蓋爾語 dùn,源自原始凱爾特語 *dūnom (“要塞,堡壘”)。與威爾士語 dinas (“城市”)同源。town 的同源對似詞。
dun (複數 duns)
- 古代或中世紀的堡壘、要塞;尤指在蘇格蘭或愛爾蘭的山丘要塞。
- 1858,Henry MacLauchlan,Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854,London: Printed for private circulation, →OCLC,頁 9:
- Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by a dun or camp, on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the British pant, a hollow, and dun, a fort or camp, Pant-y-dun.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (考古學) 奧克尼、設得蘭或蘇格蘭的一種圓形石屋
- 2013,T.J. Clarkson,The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings,Edinburgh: Birlinn, →ISBN:
- Smaller than the broch was the dun, another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
參見do。
dun
- (非標準,非正式) done的視覺方言拼法: do 的過去分詞
- Now, ya dun it!
- 1895年5月,S.L.N. Foote,“Correspondence”, in International Journal of Medicine and Surgery[1],卷 8, retrieved 2016–10–13,頁 194:
- ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors he dun it, so now that settles it."
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (非標準,非正式) don't 按發音的寫法: do的縮約形 + not.
- 1901,Gilbert Parker,The Right of Way,New York and London: Harper, →OCLC:
- Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
可能源自處理過後魚的顏色。
dun (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 duns,現在分詞 dunning,簡單過去時和過去分詞 dunned)
- (及物,舊) 醃製好鱈魚等魚類後將其堆放在不被光線直射到的地方, 並用碱茅等覆蓋來保存
- 1832,James Thacher,History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832,Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, →OCLC,頁 317:
- Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
參見dune。
dun (複數 duns)
- 小山丘
擬聲詞。
dun
- “dun”,Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913年,OCLC 800618302
- DNU, und
班巴拉語
dun
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
丹麥語
- 國際音標(幫助): /duːn/、[d̥uːˀn]
dun n (定指单数 dunet,不定复数 dun)
- (幼鳥的)羽絨
荷蘭語
源自中古荷蘭語 dunne,源自古荷蘭語 *thunni,源自原始西日耳曼語 *þunnī,源自原始日耳曼語 *þunnuz。與英語 thin同源。對比西佛蘭德語 thinne。
- dunnen, verdunnen
- dundoek
- dunne darm
- flinterdun
請參閲主詞條的词源章節。
dun
加利西亞語
dun m (陰性 dunha,陽性複數 duns,陰性複數 dunhas)
- “dun, dunha”,《皇家加利西亞學院詞典》(Dicionario da Real Academia Galega),皇家加利西亞學院。
德語
- duhn
源自低地德語 duun。
dun 的原級
dun 的比较级
dun 的最高级
- “dun”在《杜登線上辭典》上的釋義
漢斯立克語
- 國際音標(幫助): /tuːn/、/toːn/
dun
dun 的變格
- mitdun
- wechdun
Kiput
源自原始北沙撈越語 *daqun,源自原始馬來-波利尼西亞語 *dahun(對比馬來語 daun)。
dun
官話
dun
書面挪威語
dun f 或 m (定指單數 duna 或 dunen,不定複數 duner,定指複數 dunene)
dun n (定指單數 dunet,不定複數 dun,定指複數 duna 或 dunene)
- (幼鳥的)羽絨
新挪威語
dun f 或 n (定單數 duna 或 dunet,不定複數 duner 或 dun,定複數 dunene 或 duna)
- (幼鳥的)羽絨
- “dun”在《新挪威语词典》中的解释。
古英語
源自原始日耳曼語 *dūnǭ (“丘,沙丘”),可能源自原始印歐語 *dʰewh₂- (“冒煙,捲起塵埃”);或可能較晚借自原始凱爾特語 *dūnom,源頭相同。
- 國際音標(幫助): /duːn/
dūn f
強變化ō-詞幹:
- ofdune
- 英語: down
古法語
dun m (間接格複數 duns,主格單數 duns,主格複數 dun)
- (盎格魯-諾曼) don的另一種寫法
- c. 1150,Turoldus,La Chanson de Roland:
- E tute Espaigne tendrat par vostre dun
- 他會將整個西班牙作為贈予你的禮物
瑞典語
- 國際音標(幫助): /dʉːn/
dun n
- (幼鳥的)羽絨
- dunboll
- dunbolster
- dunbädd
- dunig
- dunighet
- dunjacka
- dunkudde
- dunlätt
- dunmjuk
- duntäcke
- dununge
- dunört
- ejderdun
- gåsdun
沃拉普克語
- 國際音標(幫助): /dun/
dun (主格複數 duns)
dun 的變格
- 1 格地位有爭議
- 2 僅用於後期非傳統沃拉普克語
- dunön
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