Hyperparathyroidism
Increase in parathyroid hormone levels in the blood / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood.[1][4] This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism).[1]
Hyperparathyroidism | |
---|---|
Thyroid and parathyroid | |
Specialty | Endocrinology |
Symptoms | None, kidney stones, weakness, depression, bone pains, confusion, increased urination[1][2][3] |
Complications | Osteoporosis[2][3] |
Usual onset | 50 to 60[2] |
Types | Primary, secondary |
Causes | Primary: parathyroid adenoma, multiple benign tumors, parathyroid cancer[1][2] Secondary: vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, low blood calcium[1] |
Diagnostic method | High blood calcium and high PTH levels[2] |
Treatment | Monitoring, surgery, intravenous normal saline, cinacalcet[1][2] |
Frequency | ~2 per 1,000[3] |
Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately normal or elevated blood calcium excreted from the bones and flowing into the blood stream in response to increased production of parathyroid hormone.[1]
In healthy people, when blood calcium levels are high, parathyroid hormone levels should be low. With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, the most common symptom is kidney stones.[1] Other symptoms may include bone pain, weakness, depression, confusion, and increased urination.[1][2]
Both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism may result in osteoporosis (weakening of the bones).[2][3]