Modrá stuha
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Modrá stuha při plavbě přes Atlantský oceán bylo zvláštní prestižní putovní ocenění, které bylo udělováno jednotlivým lodím, jež nejrychleji přepluly severní Atlantský oceán na trase z New Yorku do Evropy (obvykle do Liverpoolu nebo i jiného evropského přístavu). Byla zavedena v roce 1838, tedy v první polovině 19. století, a existuje vlastně až do dnešních dob. Prvním držitelem této ceny se v roce 1838 stal kolesový parník SS Sirius, který vykonal cestu z Corku do New Yorku rychlostí 8,03 uzlu (14,87 km/h) za 18 dní, 14 hodin a 22 minut a cestu z New Yorku do Falmouthu rychlostí 7,31 uzlu za 18 dní. Poté se v držení této ceny vystřídala celá řada dalších lodí z Francie, USA a Velké Británie, později i z Německa či Itálie. Mezi slavné držitele modré stuhy patří mimo jiné i známé parníky Lusitania a Mauretania.
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Jednou z posledních držitelek modré stuhy byla americká loď United States, jež tuto vzdálenost překonala v roce 1952 za 3 dny plus 10 hodin a 40 minut.
Ocenění bylo zejména v dobách, kdy neexistovala dálková transoceánská letecká doprava, velmi prestižní i z komerčních, respektive ekonomických důvodů. Jednotliví dopravci se na svoje luxusní lodě snažili nalákat bohatou pasažérskou klientelu i nákladní dopravce (například dopravce poštovních zásilek). Tyto závody o nejrychlejší loď vedly také k několika námořním katastrofám.
Poznámky
Název Modrá stuha dal jméno i různým českým vodáckým a jachtařským akcím jako je:
- Modrá stuha Vltavy
- Modrá stuha Ohře
- Modrá stuha Svratky
- Modrá stuha Lipna
Držitelé modré stuhy
Směrem na západ
| Jméno lodi | Datum | Rejdařství | Z | Do | Námořních mil | Dny/Hodiny/Minuty | Rychlost v uzlech |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS Sirius (1837) | 1838 (4/4-22/4) | B&A | Cork | Sandy Hook | 3583 | 18/14/22 | 8.03 |
| Great Western | 1838 (8/4-23/4) | GW | Avonmouth | New York | 3220 | 15/12/0 | 8.66 |
| Great Western | 1838 (2/6-17/6) | GW | Avonmouth | New York | 3140 | 14/16/0 | 8.92 |
| Great Western | 1839 (18/5-31/5) | GW | Avonmouth | New York | 3086 | 13/12/0 | 9.52 |
| Columbia | 1841 (4/6-15/6) | Cunard | Liverpool | Halifax | (2534) | 10/19/0 | (9.78) |
| Great Western | 1843 (29/4-11/5) | GW | Liverpool | New York | 3068 | 12/18/0 | 10.03 |
| Cambria | 1845 (19/7-29/7) | Cunard | Liverpool | Halifax | (2534) | 9/20/30 | (10.71) |
| America | 1848 (3/6-12/6) | Cunard | Liverpool | Halifax | (2534) | 9/0/16 | (11.71) |
| Europa | 1848 (14/10-23/10) | Cunard | Liverpool | Halifax | (2534) | 8/23/0 | (11.79) |
| Asia | 1850 (18/5-27/5) | Cunard | Liverpool | Halifax | (2534) | 8/14/50 | (12.25) |
| Pacific | 1850 (11/9-21/9) | Collins | Liverpool | New York | (3050) | 10/4/45 | (12.46) |
| Baltic | 1851 (6/8-16/8) | Collins | Liverpool | New York | 3039 | 9/19/26 | 12.91 |
| Baltic | 1854 (28/6-7/7) | Collins | Liverpool | New York | 3037 | 9/16/52 | 13.04 |
| Persia | 1856 (19/4-29/4) | Cunard | Liverpool | Sandy Hook | (3045) | 9/16/16 | (13.11) |
| Scotia | 1863 (19/7-27/7) | Cunard | Queenstown | New York | (2820) | 8/3/0 | (14.46) |
| Adriatic | 1872 (17/5-25/5) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2778 | 7/23/17 | 14.53 |
| Germanic | 1875 (30/7-7/8) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2800 | 7/23/7 | 14.65 |
| City Of Berlin | 1875 (17/9-25/9) | Inman | Queenstown | Sandy Bank | 2829 | 7/18/2 | 15.21 |
| Britannic | 1876 (27/10-4/11) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2795 | 7/13/11 | 15.43 |
| Germanic | 1877 (6/4-13/4) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2830 | 7/11/37 | 15.76 |
| Alaska | 1882 (9/4-16/4) | Guion | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2802 | 7/6/20 | 16.07 |
| Alaska | 1882 (14/5-21/5) | Guion | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2871 | 7/4/12 | 16.67 |
| Alaska | 1882 (18/6-25/6) | Guion | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2886 | 7/1/58 | 16.98 |
| Alaska | 1883 (29/4-6/5) | Guion | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2844 | 6/23/48 | 17.05 |
| Oregon | 1884 (13/4-19/4) | Guion | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2861 | 6/10/10 | 18.56 |
| Etruria | 1885 (16/8- 22/8) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2801 | 6/5/31 | 18.73 |
| RMS Umbria | 1887 (29/5-4/6) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2848 | 6/4/12 | 19.22 |
| Etruria | 1888 (27/5-2/6) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2854 | 6/1/55 | 19.56 |
| City of Paris | 1889 (2/5-8/5) | I&I | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2855 | 5/23/7 | 19.95 |
| City of Paris | 1889 (22/8-28/8) | I&I | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2788 | 5/19/18 | 20.01 |
| Majestic | 1891 (30/7-5/8) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2777 | 5/18/8 | 20.10 |
| Teutonic | 1891 (13/8-19/8) | W.Star | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2778 | 5/16/31 | 20.35 |
| City of Paris | 1892 (20/7-27/7) | I&I | Queenstown | Sandy Book | 2785 | 5/15/58 | 20.48 |
| City of Paris | 1892 (13/10-18/10) | I&I | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2782 | 5/14/24 | 20.70 |
| Campania | 1893 (18/6-23/6) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2864 | 5/15/37 | 21.12 |
| Campania | 1894 (12/8-17/8) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2776 | 5/9/29 | 21.44 |
| Lucania | 1894 (26/8-31/8) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2787 | 5/8/38 | 21.65 |
| Lucania | 1894 (23/9-28/9) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2782 | 5/7/48 | 21.75 |
| Lucania | 1894 (21/10-26/10) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2779 | 5/7/23 | 21.81 |
| Kaiser Wilhelm der Große | 1898 (30/3-3/4) | NDL | Needles | Sandy Hook | 3120 | 5/20/0 | 22.29 |
| Deutschland | 1900 (6/7-12/7) | Hapag | Eddystone | Sandy Hook | 3044 | 5/15/46 | 22.42 |
| Deutschland | 1900 (26/8-1/9) | Hapag | Cherbourg | Sandy Hook | 3050 | 5/12/29 | 23.02 |
| Deutschland | 1901 (26/7-1/8) | Hapag | Cherbourg | Sandy Hook | 3141 | 5/16/12 | 23.06 |
| Kronprinz Wilhelm | 1902 (10/9-16/9) | NDL | Cherbourg | Sandy Hook | 3047 | 5/11/57 | 23.09 |
| Deutschland | 1903 (2/9-8/9) | Hapag | Cherbourg | Sandy Hook | 3054 | 5/11/54 | 23.15 |
| Lusitania | 1907 (6/10-10/10) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2780 | 4/19/52 | 23.99 |
| Lusitania | 1908 (17/5-21/5) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2889 | 4/20/22 | 24.83 |
| Lusitania | 1908 (5/7-10/7) | Cunard | Queenstown | Sandy Hook | 2891 | 4/19/36 | 25.01 |
| Lusitania | 1909 (8/8-12/8) | Cunard | Queenstown | Ambrose | 2890 | 4/16/40 | 25.65 |
| Mauretania | 1909 (26/9-30/9) | Cunard | Queenstown | Ambrose | 2784 | 4/10/51 | 26.06 |
| Bremen | 1929 (17/7-22/7) | NDL | Cherbourg | Ambrose | 3164 | 4/17/42 | 27.83 |
| Europa | 1930 (20/3-25/3) | NDL | Cherbourg | Ambrose | 3157 | 4/17/6 | 27.91 |
| Europa | 1933 (27/6-2/7) | NDL | Cherbourg | Ambrose | 3149 | 4/16/48 | 27.92 |
| Rex | 1933 (11/8-16/8) | Italian | Gibraltar | Ambrose | 3181 | 4/13/58 | 28.92 |
| Normandie | 1935 (30/5-3/6) | CGT | Bishop Rock | Ambrose | 2971 | 4/3/2 | 29.98 |
| Queen Mary | 1936 (20/8-24/8) | C-WS | Bishop Rock | Ambrose | 2907 | 4/0/27 | 30.14 |
| Normandie | 1937 (29/7-2/8) | CGT | Bishop Rock | Ambrose | 2906 | 3/23/2 | 30.58 |
| Queen Mary | 1938 (4/8-8/8) | C-WS | Bishop Rock | Ambrose | 2907 | 3/21/48 | 30.99 |
| United States | 1952 (11/7-15/7) | USL | Bishop Rock | Ambrose | 2906 | 3/12/12 | 34.51 |
Směrem na východ
| Jméno lodi | Datum | Rejdařství | Z | Do | Námořních mil | Dny/Hodiny/Minuty | Rychlost v uzlech |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sirius | 1838 (1/5-19/5) | B&A | New York | Falmouth | (3159) | (18/0/0) | (7.31) |
| Great Western | 1838 (7/5-22/5) | GW | New York | Avonmouth | 3218 | 14/15/59 | 9.14 |
| Great Western | 1838 (25/6-8/7) | GW | New York | Avonmouth | 3099 | 12/16/34 | 10.17 |
| Britannia | 1840 (4/8-14/8) | Cunard | Halifax | Liverpool | (2610) | 9/21/44 | (10.98) |
| Great Western | 1842 (28/4-11/5) | GW | New York | Liverpool | 3248 | 12/7/30 | 10.99 |
| Columbia | 1843 (4/4-14/4) | Cunard | Halifax | Liverpool | (2534) | 9/12/0 | (11.11) |
| Hibernia | 1843 (18/5-27/5) | Cunard | Halifax | Liverpool | (2534) | 9/10/44 | (11.18) |
| Hibernia | 1843 (18/7-27/7) | Cunard | Halifax | Liverpool | (2534) | 8/22/44 | (11.80) |
| Canada | 1849 (19/7-28/7) | Cunard | Halifax | Liverpool | (2534) | 8/12/44 | (12.38) |
| Pacific | 1851 (10/5-20/5) | Collins | New York | Liverpool | (3078) | 9/20/14 | (13.03) |
| Arctic | 1852 (7/2-17/2) | Collins | New York | Liverpool | 3051 | 9/17/15 | 13.06 |
| Persia | 1856 (2/4-12/4) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Liverpool | (3048) | 9/10/22 | (13.46) |
| Persia | 1856 (14/5-23/5) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Liverpool | (3048) | 9/3/24 | (13.89) |
| Persia | 1856 (6/8-15/8) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Liverpool | (3046) | 8/23/19 | (14.15) |
| Scotia | 1863 (16/12-24/12) | Cunard | New York | Queenstown | (2800) | 8/5/42 | (14.16) |
| City of Brussels | 1869 (4/12-12/12) | Inman | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | (2780) | 7/20/33 | (14.74) |
| Baltic | 1873 (11/1-19/1) | W.Star | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2840 | 7/20/9 | 15.09 |
| City of Berlin | 1875 (2/10-10/10) | Inman | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2820 | 7/15/28 | 15.37 |
| Germanic | 1876 (5/2-13/2) | W.Star | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2894 | 7/15/17 | 15.79 |
| Britannic | 1876 (16/12-24/12) | W.Star | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2892 | 7/12/41 | 15.94 |
| Arizona | 1879 (22/7-29/7) | Guion | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2810 | 7/8/11 | 15.96 |
| Alaska | 1882 (30/5-6/6) | Guion | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | (2791) | 6/22/0 | (16.81) |
| Alaska | 1882 (12/9-19/9) | Guion | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2781 | 6/18/37 | 17.10 |
| Oregon | 1884 (29/3-5/4) | Guion | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2916 | 7/2/18 | 17.12 |
| Oregon | 1884 (26/4-3/5) | Guion | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 291 | 6/16/57 | 18.09 |
| Oregon | 1884 (30/7-6/8) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2853 | 6/12/54 | 18.18 |
| Oregon | 1884 (3/9-10/9) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2853 | 6/11/9 | 18.39 |
| Etruria | 1885 (1/8-7/8) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2822 | 6/9/0 | 18.44 |
| Etruria | 1888 (7/7-14/7) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2981 | 6/4/50 | 19.36 |
| City of Paris | 1889 (15/5-22/5) | I&I | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2894 | 6/0/29 | 20.03 |
| City of New York | 1892 (17/8-23/8) | I&I | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2814 | 5/19/57 | 20.11 |
| Campania | 1893 (6/5-12/5) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2928 | 5/17/27 | 21.30 |
| Lucania | 1894 (6/5-12/5) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2911 | 3/13/28 | 21.81 |
| Lucania | 1894 (2/6-8/6) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2911 | 5/12/59 | 21.90 |
| Lucania | 1895 (18/5-24/5) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2897 | 5/11/40 | 22.00 |
| Kaiser Wilhelm der Große | 1897 (23/11-29/11) | NDL | Sandy Hook | Needles | 3065 | 5/17/23 | 22.33 |
| Deutschland | 1900 (18/7-24/7) | Hapag | Sandy Hook | Eddystone | 3085 | 5/15/5 | 22.84 |
| Deutschland | 1900 (4/9-10/9) | Hapag | Sandy Hook | Eddystone | 2981 | 5/7/38 | 23.36 |
| Deutschland | 1901 (13/6-19/6) | Hapag | Sandy Hook | Eddystone | 3083 | 5/11/51 | 23.38 |
| Deutschland | 1901 (10/7-17/7) | Hapag | Sandy Hook | Eddystone | 3082 | 5/11/5 | 23.51 |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | 1904 (14/6-20/6) | NDL | Sandy Hook | Eddystone | 3112 | 5/11/58 | 23.58 |
| Lusitania | 1907 (19/10-24/10) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2807 | 4/22/53 | 23.61 |
| Mauretania | 1907 (30/11-5/12) | Cunard | Beady Hook | Queenstown | 2807 | 4/22/33 | 23.69 |
| Mauretania | 1908 (25/1-30/1) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2932 | 5/2/41 | 23.90 |
| Mauretania | 1908 (7/3-12/3) | Cunard | Sandy Hook | Queenstown | 2932 | 5/0/5 | 24.42 |
| Mauretania | 1909 (3/2-8/2) | Cunard | Ambrose | Queenstown, | 2930 | 4/20/27 | 25.16 |
| Mauretania | 1909 (17/3-22/3) | Cunard | Ambrose | Queenstown | 2934 | 4/18/35 | 25.61 |
| Mauretania | 1909 (5/5-10/5) | Cunard | Ambrose | Queenstown | 2934 | 4/18/11 | 25.70 |
| Mauretania | 1909 (16/6-21/6) | Cunard | Ambrose | Queenstown | 2933 | 4/17/21 | 25.88 |
| Mauretania | 1924 (20/8-25/8) | Cunard | Ambrose | Cherbourg | 3198 | 5/1/49 | 26.25 |
| Bremen | 1929 (27/7-1/8) | NDL | Ambrose | Eddystone | 3084 | 4/14/30 | 27.91 |
| Bremen | 1933 (10/6-15/6) | NDL | Ambrose | Cherbourg | 3199 | 4/16/15 | 28.51 |
| Normandie | 1935 (7/6-11/6) | CGT | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 3015 | 4/3/25 | 30.31 |
| Queen Mary | 1936 (26/8-30/8) | C-WS | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 2939 | 3/23/57 | 30.63 |
| Normandie | 1937 (18/3-22/3) | CGT | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 2967 | 4/0/6 | 30.99 |
| Normandie | 1937 (4/8-8/8) | CGT | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 2936 | 3/22/7 | 31.20 |
| Queen Mary | 1938 (10/8-14/8) | C-WS | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 2938 | 3/20/42 | 31.69 |
| United States | 1952 (3/7-7/7) | USL | Ambrose | Bishop Rock | 2942 | 3/10/40 | 35.59 |
| Hoverspeed Great Britain | 1990 Jun 23 | Aegean Speedlines | 3/7/54 | 36.6 | |||
| Catalonia | 1998 Jun 9 | Buquebus | Manhattan | Tarifa, Španělsko | 3125 | 3/9/40 | 38.9 |
| Cat-Link V (dnes Master Cat) | 1998 Jul 20 | Master Ferries | 2/20/9 | 41.3 |
Zajímavosti
Stejný význam „modrá stuha“ má i francouzské kuchařské vyznamenání Cordon bleu a stejnojmenný pokrm.
Odkazy
Literatura
- M.Michajlov, O.Sokolov - Od drakkaru ke křižníku, vydal Albatros v roce 1982
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Modrá stuha na Wikimedia Commons - Článek o Modré stuze Atlantiku, yin.cz
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