The 1490s decade ran from January 1, 1490, to December 31, 1499.
January 2, 1492 – Muhammad XII , last Moorish Emir of Granada , surrenders his city to the army of Ferdinand and Isabella .
October 12, 1492 – Columbus discovers the Americas for Spain.
1490
This section is
transcluded from
1490 .
(edit | history )
1490
February 14 – Valentin Friedland , German scholar and educator of the Reformation (d. 1556 )
February 17 – Charles III, Duke of Bourbon , French military leader (d. 1527 )
March 6 – Fridolin Sicher , Swiss composer (d. 1546 )
March 22 – Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , Italian noble (d. 1538 )
March 24 – Giovanni Salviati , Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1553 )
April – Vittoria Colonna , Italian poet (d. 1547 )
April 4 – Vojtěch I of Pernstein , Bohemian nobleman (d. 1534 )
May 17 – Albert, Duke of Prussia , last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d. 1568 )
June 28 – Albert of Mainz , German elector and archbishop (d. 1545 )
July 25 – Amalie of the Palatinate , Duchess consort of Pomerania (d. 1524 )
August 5 – Andrey of Staritsa , son of Ivan III "the Great" of Russia (d. 1537 )
September 23 – Johann Heß , German theologian (d. 1547 )
October – Olaus Magnus , Swedish ecclesiastic and writer (d. 1557 )
October 12 – Bernardo Pisano , Italian composer (d. 1548 )[39]
November 10 – John III, Duke of Cleves (d. 1539 )
December 25 – Francesco Marinoni , Italian Roman Catholic priest (d. 1562 )
December 26 – Friedrich Myconius , German Lutheran theologian (d. 1546 )
December 30 – Ebussuud Efendi , Ottoman Grand Mufti (d. 1574 )
approx. date – Properzia de' Rossi , Italian Renaissance sculptor (d. 1530 )
date unknown
probable
1491
January 30 – Francesco Sforza , Italian noble (d. 1512 )
March 25 – Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel , French nobility (d. 1549 )
May 10 – Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon (d. 1521 )
June 28 – Henry VIII of England (d. 1547 )[41]
August 3 – Maria of Jülich-Berg , spouse of John III, Duke of Cleves (d. 1543 )
August 10 – Queen Janggyeong , Korean royal consort (d. 1515 )
August 25 – Innocenzo Cybo , Catholic cardinal (d. 1550 )
October 6 – Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol , French noble (d. 1545 )
c. October 23 – Ignatius of Loyola , Spanish founder of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order (d. 1556 )
October 26 – Zhengde Emperor of China (d. 1521 )
November 8 – Teofilo Folengo , Italian poet (d. 1544 )
November 11 – Martin Bucer , German Protestant reformer (d. 1551 )
December 13 – Martín de Azpilcueta , Spanish theologian and economist (d. 1586 )
December 31 – Jacques Cartier , French explorer (d. 1557 )[42]
date unknown
probable
1492
Queen Marguerite de Navarre
Duchess Sabina of Bavaria
January 22 – Beatrix of Baden , Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (d. 1535 )
March 4 – Francesco de Layolle , Italian composer (d. c. 1540 )
March 21 – John II, Count Palatine of Simmern , Count Palatine of Simmern (1509-1557) (d. 1557 )
March 27 – Adam Ries , German mathematician (d. 1559 )
April 4 – Ambrosius Blarer , influential reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (d. 1564 )
April 6 – Maud Green , English noble (d. 1531 )
April 11 – Marguerite de Navarre , queen of Henry II of Navarre (d. 1549 )[43]
April 20 – Pietro Aretino , Italian author (d. 1556 )
April 24 – Duchess Sabina of Bavaria (d. 1564 )
May 8 – Andrea Alciato , Italian jurist and writer (d. 1550 )
June 4 – Hirate Masahide , Japanese retainer and tutor of Oda Nobunaga (d. 1553 )
August 1 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen , German prince (d. 1566 )
August 8 – Matteo Tafuri , Italian alchemist (d. 1582 )
September 12 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (d. 1519 )[44]
September 29 – Chamaraja Wodeyar III , King of Mysore (d. 1553 )
October 1 – Georg Rörer , German theologian (d. 1557 )
October 11 – Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France , French noble (d. 1495 )
October 30 – Anne d'Alençon , French noblewoman (d. 1562 )
November 12 – Johan Rantzau , German general (d. 1565 )
November 27 – Donato Giannotti , Italian writer (d. 1573 )
date unknown
probable
1493
January 2 – Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme , French cardinal (d. 1557 )
January 6 – Olaus Petri , Swedish clergyman (d. 1552 )
January 9 – Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Viceroy of Valencia , German noble (d. 1525 )
January 25 – Maximilian Sforza , Duke of Milan (d. 1530 )
January 26
February 9 – Helen of the Palatinate , Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1524 )
March 15 – Anne de Montmorency , Constable of France (d. 1567 )
April 11 – George I, Duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins (d. 1531 )
April 25 – Giovanni Gaddi , Italian priest (d. 1542 )
May 5 – Alessandro Pasqualini , Italian architect (d. 1559 )
May 6 – Girolamo Seripando , Catholic cardinal (d. 1563 )
June 5 – Justus Jonas , German Protestant reformer (d. 1555 )
June 10 – Anton Fugger , German merchant (d. 1560 )
September 28 – Agnolo Firenzuola , Italian poet and litterateur (d. 1543 )
September 29 – Yi Gwang-sik , Korean politician and general (d. 1563 )
October 14 – Shimazu Tadayoshi , Japanese warlord (d. 1568 )
October 17 – Bartolommeo Bandinelli , Renaissance Italian sculptor (d. 1560 )
November 11 – Bernardo Tasso , Italian courtier and poet (d. 1569 )[45]
November 11 or December 17 – Paracelsus , born Philippus von Hohenheim, Swiss physician and scientist (d. 1541 )[46]
November 17 – John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer , English politician (d. 1543 )
November 25 – Osanna of Cattaro , Dominican visionary and anchoress (d. 1565 )
December 9 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 4th Duke of the Infantado (d. 1566 )
December 25 – Antoinette de Bourbon , French noblewoman (d. 1583 )
December 27 – Johann Pfeffinger , German theologian (d. 1573 )
December 31 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino , Italian politically active duchess (d. 1570 )
date unknown
probable
1494
Suleiman the Magnificent
Francis I of France
February 2 – Bona Sforza , queen of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1557 )
February 11 – Takeda Nobutora , Japanese warlord (d. 1574 )
February 20 – Johan Friis , Danish statesman (d. 1570 )
March 24 – Georgius Agricola , German mineralogist and scholar (d. 1555 )
March 25 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , Margravine (d. 1518 )
April 4 – Ambrosius Moibanus , German theologian (d. 1554 )
April 20 – Johannes Agricola , German Protestant reformer (d. 1566 )
April 25 – Juan Téllez-Girón, 4th Count of Ureña , Spanish count (d. 1558 )
May 24 – Pontormo , Italian painter (d. 1557 )
August 18 – Johannes Scheubel , German mathematician (d. 1570 )
September 8 – Sri Chand , Indian founder of the ascetic sect of Udasi (d. 1629 )
September 11 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders (1518–1538) (d. 1572 )
September 12 – King Francis I of France (d. 1547 )[47]
October 31 – Wolfgang of the Palatinate , Count Palatine of Neumarkt (1524–1558), governor of the Upper Palatinate (d. 1558 )
November 5 – Hans Sachs , German meistersinger ("mastersinger") (d. 1576 )
November 6 – Suleiman the Magnificent , Ottoman Sultan (d. 1566 )
November 12 – Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen , Princess of Anhalt by birth, Duchess consort of Saxony (d. 1521 )
November (probable ) – François Rabelais , French Renaissance writer (d. 1553 )
date unknown
1495
January 26 – Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (d. 1557 )
February 4
February 13 – Giacomo Puteo , Spanish cardinal (d. 1563 )
March 6 – Luigi Alamanni , Italian poet and statesman (d. 1556 )
March 8 – John of God , Portuguese friar and saint (d. 1550 )
March 26 – Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo (d. 1528 )
March 29 – Leonhard Päminger , Austrian composer (d. 1567 )
April 16 – Petrus Apianus , German humanist (d. 1552 )
August 1 – Jan van Scorel , Dutch painter (d. 1562 )
August 24 – Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg , Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg (d. 1549 )
September 18 – Louis X, Duke of Bavaria , German noble (d. 1545 )
September 20 – Gian Matteo Giberti , Catholic bishop (d. 1543 )
September 23 – Bagrat III of Imereti , King of Imereti (d. 1565 )
September 24 – Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , Landgravine of Leuchtenberg (d. 1552 )
November 1 – Erhard Schnepf , German theologian (d. 1558 )
November 21 – John Bale , English churchman (d. 1563 )[48]
December 5 – Nicolas Cleynaerts , Flemish grammarian (d. 1542 )
date unknown
probable
1496
March 18 – Mary Tudor , Queen of Louis XII of France , daughter of Henry VII of England (d. 1533 )
May 12 – King Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1560 )
July 10 – Johann Forster , German theologian (d. 1558 )
August 28 – Konrad Heresbach , German Calvinist (d. 1576 )
September 27 – Hieronymus Łaski , Polish diplomat (d. 1542 )
October 20 – Claude, Duke of Guise , French aristocrat and general (d. 1550 )
November 23 – Clément Marot , French poet of the Renaissance period (d. 1544 )
December 20 – Joseph ha-Kohen , Spanish-born French Jewish historian and physician (d. 1575 )
December 21 – Elisabeth Corvinus , Hungarian princess (d. 1508 )
date unknown
Lazare de Baïf , French diplomat and author (d. 1547 )
João de Barros , Portuguese historian (d. 1570 )
Cuauhtémoc , 11th Tlatoani (emperor) of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1520–1521, (d. 1521 )[50]
Dirck Jacobsz. , Dutch painter (d. 1567 )
Richard Maitland , Scottish poet (d. 1586 )
Louise de Montmorency , French noblewoman (d. 1547 )
Martín Ocelotl , Mexican priest (d. c. 1537 )
William Roper , son-in-law and biographer of Thomas More (d. 1578 )
Giovanni Battista da Sangallo , Italian architect (d. 1548 )
Menno Simons , Dutch Anabaptist leader (d. 1561 )
Agostino Steuco , Italian humanist scholar (d. 1548 )
Johann Walter , Lutheran composer and poet (d. 1570 )
probable – Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (d. 1549 )
1497
February 16 – Philip Melanchthon , German humanist and reformer (d. 1560 )[51]
February 19 – Matthäus Schwarz , German fashion writer (d. 1574 )
March – Giovanni Paolo I Sforza , Italian condottiero (d. 1535 )
April 2 – Georg Giese , German merchant (d. 1562 )
April 16 – Mōri Motonari , Japanese daimyō (d. 1571 )
April 17 – Pedro de Valdivia , Spanish conquistador (d. 1553 )
May 3 – Wilhelm IV of Eberstein , President of the Reichskammergericht (d. 1562 )
May 21 – Al-Hattab , Tripolitanian Muslim jurist (d. 1547 )
June 27 – Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1546 )
July 15 – Francis of Denmark , Danish prince (d. 1511 )
August 18 – Francesco Canova da Milano , Italian composer (d. 1543 )
September 10 – Wolfgang Musculus , German theologian (d. 1563 )
October 29 – Benedetto Accolti the Younger , Italian cardinal (d. 1549 )
date unknown
probable
1498
Maarten van Heemskerck born 1 June
January 31 – Tiberio Crispo , Italian clergyman (d. 1566 )
February 4 – George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (d. 1558 )
February 21 – Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland , English earl (d. 1549 )
February 25 – Francesco of Saluzzo , Marquess of Saluzzo (d. 1537 )
April 5 – Giovanni dalle Bande Nere , Italian condottiero (d. 1526 )
April 9 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine , French churchman (d. 1550 )
June 1 – Maarten van Heemskerck , Dutch painter (d. 1574 )
June 30 – Wilhelm von Brandenburg , Archbishop of Riga (d. 1563 )
July 25 – Hernando de Aragón , Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1575 )
August 23 – Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal (d. 1500 )
August 24 – John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony , German prince (d. 1537 )
November 1 – Giovanni Ricci , Italian cardinal (d. 1574 )
November 15 – Eleanor of Austria , Queen of Portugal and France (d. 1558 )[53]
December 1 – Giovanni Michele Saraceni , Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1568 )
December 19 – Andreas Osiander , German Protestant theologian (d. 1552 )
date unknown
1499
January 15 – Samuel Maciejowski , Polish bishop (d. 1550 )
January 20 – Sebastian Franck , German humanist (d. 1543 )
January 29 – Katharina von Bora , German nun, wife of Martin Luther (d. 1552 )
February 10 – Thomas Platter , Swiss humanist scholar and writer (d. 1582 )
March 22 – Johann Carion , German astrologer and chronicler (d. 1537 )
March 31 – Pope Pius IV (d. 1565 )[54]
May 14 – Agostino Gallo , Italian agronomist (d. 1570 )
June 24 – Johannes Brenz , German theologian and Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg (d. 1570 )
July 17 – Maria Salviati , Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici (d. 1543 )
August 14 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford , English noble (d. 1526 )
September 3 – Diane de Poitiers , French duchess, mistress of Henry II of France (d. 1566 )
October 13 – Claude of France , queen consort of France, daughter of Louis XII of France (d. 1524 )
October 14 – Catherine of the Palatinate , Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (d. 1526 )
October 31 – Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg (1526–1552) (d. 1552 )
November 1 – Rodrigo of Aragon , Italian noble (d. 1512 )
December 8 – Sebald Heyden , German musicologist and theologian (d. 1561 )
December 13 – Justus Menius , German Lutheran pastor (d. 1558 )
date unknown
probable – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , Portuguese explorer (d. 1543 )
1490
King Matthias Corvinus
Blessed Joanna
1491
January 19 – Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg (b. 1420 )
February 15 – Ashikaga Yoshimi , brother of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa (b. 1439 )
February 19 – Enno I, Count of East Frisia (1466–1491) (b. 1460 )
March 6 – Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
March 31 – Bonaventura Tornielli , Italian Roman Catholic priest (b. 1411 )
May 14 – Filippo Strozzi the Elder , Italian banker (b. 1428 )
July 13 – Afonso, Prince of Portugal (b. 1475 )
July 16 – William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , English earl (b. 1451 )
October 5 – Jean Balue , French cardinal and statesman (b. c. 1421 )
October 12 – Fritz Herlen , German artist (b. 1449 )
November 16 – Holy Child of La Guardia , Spanish folk saint (b. n/a)
December 28 – Bertoldo di Giovanni , Italian sculptor (b. c. 1435 )
date unknown – Anne of Orléans, Abbess of Fontevraud (b. 1464 )
date unknown – Musa ibn Abi al-Ghassan , knight of Granada
probable
1492
Lorenzo de' Medici
King Casimir IV Jagiellon
Pope Innocent VIII
Saint Beatrice of Silva
January 25 – Ygo Gales Galama , Frisian warlord and freedom-fighting rebel (murdered) (b. 1443 )
April 8 – Lorenzo de' Medici , ruler of Florence (b. 1449 )[57]
March 19 – Philip II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1429–1492) (b. 1418 )
c. May 21 – John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (b. 1442 )
June 7 – Casimir IV Jagiellon , King of Poland (b. 1427 )
June 8 – Elizabeth Woodville , Queen of Edward IV of England (b. 1437 )[58]
July 1 – Henry the Younger of Poděbrady , Bohemian nobleman (b. 1452 )
July 25 – Pope Innocent VIII (b. 1432 )[59]
August 9 – Beatrice of Silva , Spanish Dominican and Roman Catholic nun and a saint
September 20 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (b. 1426 )
September 23 – Peter Courtenay , English bishop and politician
October 12 – Piero della Francesca , Italian artist (b. c. 1412 )[60]
October 25 – Thaddeus McCarthy , Irish bishop (b. c. 1455 )
November 6 – Antoine Busnois , French composer and poet (b. c. 1430 )
November 9 – Jami , Persian poet (b. 1414 )
November 24 – Loys of Gruuthuse , Earl of Winchester (b. c. 1427 )
Ali al-Jabarti , Somali scholar and politician
Baccio Pontelli , Italian architect (b. c. 1450 )
Dhammazedi , Burmese king of Hanthawaddy (b. 1409 )
Eric Clauesson , Swedish Norse pagan
Satal Rathore , Rao of Marwar
Sonni Ali , Songhai ruler
1493
May – Pietro Antonio Solari , Italian architect (b. 1450 )
May 10 – Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll , Scottish politician (b. c. 1433 )
May 14 – Nannina de' Medici , member of de' Medici family (b. 1448 )
June 14 – Ermolao Barbaro , Italian scholar (b. 1454 )
August 19 – Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1415 )
September 9 – Mirko Derenčin , Croatian leader
October 11 – Eleanor of Naples, Duchess of Ferrara (b. 1450 )
October 22 – James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton
November 6 – Andrey Bolshoy , Russian prince (b. 1446 )
date unknown
1494
January 11 – Domenico Ghirlandaio , Italian artist (b. 1449 )[61]
January 20 – Seongjong of Joseon , King of Joseon (b. 1457 )
January 25 – King Ferdinand I of Naples (b. 1423 )
May 7 – Eskender , Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1471 )
August 1 – Giovanni Santi , Italian artist and father of Raphael (b. c. 1435)
August 11 – Hans Memling , Flemish painter (b. c. 1430 )
September 24 – Poliziano , Italian humanist (b. 1454 )
October 21 – Gian Galeazzo Sforza , Duke of Milan (b. 1469 )
October 26 – Amda Seyon II , Emperor of Ethiopia (b. c. 1487 )
November 8 – Melozzo da Forlì , Italian painter (b. c. 1438)
November 15 – William Calthorpe , English knight (b. 1410 )
November 16 – Theda Ukena , countess regent of East Frisia (b. 1432 )
November 17 – Giovanni Pico della Mirandola , Italian humanist (b. 1463 )[62]
December 19 or December 20 – Matteo Maria Boiardo , Italian poet (b. c. 1434 -1441 )
1495
January 11 – Pedro González de Mendoza , Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. 1428 )
January 21 – Magdalena of France , French princess and regent of Navarre (b. 1443 )
February 25 – Sultan Cem , pretender to the Ottoman throne (b. 1459 )
May 31 – Cecily Neville , English duchess, mother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (b. 1415 )
September – Vlad Călugărul , Wallachian half-brother of Vlad III (The Impaler)
September 14 – Elizabeth Tudor , English princess, daughter of Henry VII of England (b. 1492 )
October 25 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455 )[63]
October 30 – Francis, Count of Vendome (b. 1470 )
December 16 – Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France , French noble (b. 1492 )
December 18 – King Alphonso II of Naples (b. 1448 )
December 21 – Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford (b. c. 1431 )
1496
January 1 – Charles, Count of Angoulême (b. 1459 )
February 24 – Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1445 )
March 4 – Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (b. 1427 )
March 12 – Johann Heynlin , German humanist scholar (b. c. 1425 )
April 16 – Charles II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1489 )
April 29 – Fernando de Almada, 2nd Count of Avranches (b. c. 1430 )
August 15 – Infanta Isabella of Portugal , Queen of Castile and León (b. 1428 )
August 28 – Kanutus Johannis , Swedish Franciscan friar, writer and book collector
September 7 – King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469 )
September 15 – Hugh Clopton , Lord Mayor of London (b. c. 1440 )
September 25 – Piero Capponi , Italian soldier and statesman (b. 1447 )
September 28 – Boček IV of Poděbrady , Bohemian nobleman, eldest son of King George of Podebrady (b. 1442 )
October 15 – Gilbert, Count of Montpensier (b. 1443 )
November 1 – Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus) , Italian humanist writer (b. 1437 )
date unknown
probable – Jan IV of Oświęcim , duke of Oświęcim
1497
January 3 – Beatrice d'Este , Duchess of Milan (b. 1475 )[64]
January 30 – Lê Thánh Tông , Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1442 )
February 6 – Johannes Ockeghem , Flemish composer (b. c. 1410 )
May 26 – Antonio Manetti , Italian mathematician and architect (b. 1423 )
June 14 – Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandía (assassinated) (b.1474 )
June 27
June 28 – James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley (b. c. 1463 )
July – Estêvão da Gama , Portuguese explorer ( b. c. 1430 )
July 23 – Barbara Fugger , German banker (b. 1419 )
August 24 – Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania (b. 1435 )
October 4 – John, Prince of Asturias , only son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (b. 1478 )
November 7 – Philip II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1443 )
November 30 – Anna Sforza , Italian noble (b. 1476 )
date unknown
probable – Elia del Medigo , Italian philosopher (b. 1460 )
1498
February 4 – Antonio del Pollaiuolo , Italian painter (b. c. 1432 )
April 7 – King Charles VIII of France (b. 1470 )[65]
May 23 – Girolamo Savonarola , Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (b. 1452 ; executed)[66]
June 7 – Anđeo Zvizdović , Bosnian Franciscan friar and evangelist (b. c. 1420 )
July 14 – Gentile Budrioli , Italian astrologer and herbalist
August 17 – John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton , English baron (b. 1437 )
August 23 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal , eldest daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1470 )[67]
September 14 – Giovanni il Popolano , Italian diplomat (b. 1467 )
September 16 – Tomás de Torquemada , Spanish Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor (b. 1420 )[68]
December 7 – Alexander Hegius von Heek , German humanist (b. c. 1443 )[69]
December 19 – Jeanne de Laval , French noble (b. 1433 )
date unknown
probable – Johannes Martini , Flemish composer (b. c. 1440 )
1499
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Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X., eds. (1967). The Course of Irish History . Cork: Mercier Press. p. 370.
Larsson, Lars-Olof (1997). Kalmarunionens tid: Från drottning Margareta till Kristian II. Stockholm. p. 362.(Swedish).
Palme 1950 s. 209-210, 212-218, Suvanto 1952 s. 265-269, 271, 275-277, Julku 1987 s. 237, Finlands historia I s. 395, 397, Harrison 2005 s. 496-497, Sveriges historia 1350–1600 s. 197.(Swedish).
The World Almanac and Encyclopedia . Press Publishing Company (The New York World). 1901. p. 106.
Elie-Charles Flamand (1968). The Renaissance . Heron. p. 196.
Bengt Liljegren (2004). Rulers of Sweden . Historiska Media. p. 63. ISBN 9789185057634 .
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Wouters, Ine; van de Voorde, Stephanie; Bertels, Inge; Espion, Bernard; de Jonge, Krista; Zastavni, Denis (11 July 2018). Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Construction History (6ICCH 2018), July 9-13, 2018, Brussels, Belgium . Vol. 1. CRC Press . p. 23. ISBN 9780429822643 .
International Musicological Society. Congress (1970). Report . Bärenreiter. p. 97.
Edward Williamson (1951). Bernardo Tasso . Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p. 1.
"Cuauhtémoc" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019 .
"Cuauhtémoc" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019 .
Marshall, Rosalind K. (2003). Scottish Queens, 1034-1714 . Tuckwell Press. p. 101.